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Solve doubts! How to calculate the wages and salaries of employees during the isolation period？

　　Since the outbreak of the cluster epidemic in Xinfadi wholesale market, Beijing has quickly closed the management of key areas, and many measures have been taken to prevent the spread of the epidemic, such as home isolation, centralized isolation and peak-shifting resumption of work. While reducing the flow of people, it also achieved the purpose of effectively blocking the spread of the virus. At present, the epidemic situation directly related to the new land has been basically controlled, and the prevention and control work has achieved positive results. Then, how to calculate the wages of employees during the isolation period? This problem has become the focus of many employers and workers.

　　Scenario 1

　　How to pay the salary of the secret receiver?

　　Xiao Li, an employee of a company in Beijing, was unfortunately infected with COVID-19, so he needed isolation treatment and could not return to work. Xiao Qian, a colleague, was a close contact and needed medical observation because he was in the same office. During the isolation treatment and medical observation, how should the company pay Xiao Li and Xiao Qian’s salary according to the regulations?

　　■ The judge dispels doubts.

　　In order to clarify how to pay wages during the isolation period, government departments and judicial organs have issued a number of documents this year. For example, on January 31st, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice on Further Improving the Work Related to Human Resources and Social Security in this Municipality during the Epidemic Prevention and Control Period (hereinafter referred to as the Notice); On April 27th, the Beijing Higher People’s Court and the Beijing Labor and Personnel Dispute Arbitration Commission jointly issued the Answer on the Legal Application of Labor Dispute Cases during the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia in novel coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as the Answer).

　　According to the "Notice", enterprises should treat patients, suspected patients and close contacts infected with pneumonia in novel coronavirus as if they were unable to provide normal labor during their isolation treatment or medical observation, as well as employees who were unable to provide normal labor due to the government’s isolation measures or other emergency measures, and pay their wages, and may not terminate their labor relations. It can be seen that during Xiao Li’s isolation treatment and Xiao Qian’s medical observation, the company should pay their wages normally according to the regulations, and shall not deduct their wages without authorization.

　　In addition, the "Answer" made further provisions on the issue of wage payment during this period. Article 10 stipulates that: during this period, the employer shall pay according to the fixed components such as basic salary and post salary, and may not pay the non-fixed components such as performance, bonus, commission, and other payments related to actual attendance, but it shall not be lower than the minimum wage standard of this Municipality. Therefore, according to the actual working conditions of workers and the actual operation of employers, the company can flexibly grasp the above salary composition of Xiao Li and Xiao Qian under the premise of not being lower than the minimum wage standard in this city. If Xiao Li and Xiao Qian are absent due to isolation, the car and meal supplements related to actual attendance may not be distributed.

　　Scenario 2

　　How to pay for home office?

　　Xiao Zhao is a financial officer of a company, responsible for specific matters such as salary payment and expense reimbursement. In order not to delay the normal operation of the company, he has been working remotely through the network during the period of home isolation observation. At this time, what is special about Xiao Zhao’s salary payment?

　　■ The judge dispels doubts.

　　According to the "Notice", if an enterprise requires employees to work from home through flexible means such as internet and telephone, they should be paid according to the salary income during normal work. At the same time, according to Article 10 of the Answer, if the employer arranges close contacts to work flexibly during medical observation, it shall pay labor remuneration according to the normal attendance of workers. At this time, based on the nature of Xiao Zhao’s work, he adopted the way of network telecommuting to ensure the normal financial operation of the company, so the company should pay Xiao Zhao’s salary according to normal attendance.

　　Scenario 3

　　How to pay wages that can’t provide labor normally?

　　At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control in Beijing is still grim. During the period of delayed return to work or not, many employees can’t work as usual when they are isolated at home, such as full-time drivers and restaurant waiters. How can the company pay the wages of workers who can’t provide labor normally like this?

　　■ The judge dispels doubts.

　　This scenario should be considered comprehensively according to the actual situation. If the company reasonably arranges for workers to give priority to various holidays such as paid annual leave (including self-designed welfare leave) and comprehensively adjust the use of rest days in 2020, it shall pay labor remuneration according to relevant holiday regulations or normal attendance of workers. Of course, if the company and the laborer reach an agreement on the wage standard through consultation, they can pay the labor remuneration according to the adjusted standard through consultation, but the adjusted wage standard shall not be lower than the minimum wage standard in this city.

　　If the company has not arranged for the workers to use all kinds of holidays, nor has it negotiated with the workers on the issue of wages, the company shall judge the standard of paying wages and remuneration according to the comprehensive situation such as the length of time the workers have not returned to work. If the time for not returning to work is relatively short (generally not more than one month), the company shall pay according to the fixed components such as basic salary and post salary in the workers’ normal working period, and may not pay the non-fixed components such as performance, bonus, commission and other payments related to actual attendance, but it shall not be lower than the minimum wage standard of this Municipality. If the company fails to return to work for a long time, the company can pay the wages to the workers according to Article 27 of the Regulations on Wage Payment in Beijing, that is, pay the basic living expenses of the workers at least 70% of the minimum wage in Beijing.

　　Scenario 4

　　How to pay the wages that still need to be stopped for treatment after the isolation?

　　Xiao Li still needs to continue treatment after isolation treatment. How should the company pay Xiao Li’s salary at this time?

　　■ The judge dispels doubts.

　　According to Article 11 of the Answer, if a worker still needs to stop working and continue treatment after the isolation treatment (whether he is diagnosed with novel coronavirus or not), he shall pay sick pay according to the relevant provisions of the medical treatment period, and the payment standard of sick pay shall be implemented according to Article 21 of the Regulations on Payment of Wages in Beijing, that is, he shall pay sick pay at least 80% of the minimum wage in Beijing. However, if a worker is recognized as a work-related injury according to law, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance.

　　Finally, it should be pointed out that from a realistic point of view, the epidemic has objectively impacted the production and operation of many employers, and workers are also facing risks such as waiting for jobs and reducing their income. It is suggested that both sides can help each other in the same boat and overcome the difficulties together, and solve the salary adjustment, rotation and rest and other labor and employment problems through consultation. As an employer, in the case that the situation of epidemic prevention and control is still grim, we should consider the long-term development of the unit and give consideration to the resumption of work and the protection of workers’ rights and interests; As a laborer, we should also consider problems from the overall situation, properly and rationally express reasonable demands, and realize the benign and sustainable development of labor relations.

　　(Author: Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court)

Protection of Privacy and Personal Information in China’s Civil Code

　　In modern society, the protection of privacy and personal information is highly valued by all countries. In order to better protect the personality rights of the broad masses of people, in view of various outstanding problems in the field of privacy and personal information in practice, China’s Civil Code has made special provisions on privacy and personal information protection on the basis of existing legal provisions. In Chapter 6 "Privacy and Protection of Personal Information" of the Personal Rights of the Civil Code, not only the basic concepts of privacy, personal information and the handling of personal information are clearly defined, but also the types of behaviors that infringe on privacy that are prohibited, the principles that should be followed in handling personal information, the elements of legality and the rational use of personal information are clearly defined, and the relationship between privacy and protection of personal information is also stipulated. In understanding and applying the provisions on privacy and personal information protection in the Civil Code, there are three issues that need attention.

　　First, the right to privacy and the meaning of privacy

　　The so-called right to privacy refers to the right that a natural person enjoys without infringement on his privacy, which is a specific personality right. The first paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code stipulates: "Natural persons have the right to privacy. No organization or individual may infringe upon the privacy rights of others by spying, harassing, revealing or making public. " The right to privacy protects the privacy of natural persons. From the word privacy itself, we can see that there are two characteristics: one is "hidden", that is, it is not public. If it has been publicly or legally disclosed by natural persons, it is not privacy; The second is "private", that is, private matters, which have nothing to do with the rights and interests of others and public interests. It is from these two aspects that the second paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code defines privacy as: "The private life of a natural person is peaceful and the private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know." This shows that:

　　1. Privacy is only owned by natural persons. Because the protection of privacy is closely related to the spiritual interests of natural persons, it is fundamentally to safeguard personal freedom and protect personal dignity. In other words, only natural persons can enjoy the spiritual interests that need legal protection for privacy. As for legal persons and unincorporated organizations, there is no privacy problem. Legal persons and unincorporated organizations also have activities and information that they don’t want to be known to others, and there is also a need for the order of work activities not to be disturbed and destroyed, but these are either state secrets, business secrets, or the order of production and operation or public activities.

　　2. Privacy in China’s law is divided into: private life is peaceful and private space, private activities and private information that others don’t want to know. (1) Peace in private life can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, peace in private life can actually cover private space, private activities and private information. Because the second paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code defines privacy, it juxtaposes private life peace with private space, so the private life peace in this paragraph refers to the narrow sense of private life peace, that is, the state that the personal life of a natural person is not illegally invaded by others. (2) Private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know. It should be said that there is overlapping among the three. Because private space often carries out private activities or stores private information, such as husband and wife’s sexual life in the house, personal diaries stored in personal laptops or software programs. But it doesn’t completely overlap, because there are also private activities and private information in the public space. For example, in the lobby of a restaurant, two friends are chatting while eating, which is also a private activity and cannot be eavesdropped by others or made public. Private space is opposite to public space. Item 2 of Article 1033 of the Civil Code lists private spaces such as "houses and hotel rooms", but it is not limited to this. Private spaces also exist in public places such as restaurants, parks, banks and stations. In addition, private space includes not only physical space, but also intangible space, such as e-mail, WeChat group, nail group, etc., and also belongs to private space. Private activities refer to activities that natural people don’t want to be known to others.Such as the dinner of relatives and friends, the conversation between friends, etc.

　　Private information is also called private information. China’s civil code does not divide sensitive information and non-sensitive information, but divides personal information into private information and non-private information. As for the identification of private information, it should be said that some of them are uncontroversial, such as personal health information, criminal record, property status, sexual orientation, etc., and definitely belong to private information. However, the name, appearance, gender, etc. of a natural person are not private information, because these information, especially names, are originally used for social communication and cannot be used as private information. Whether some personal information belongs to private information is controversial, such as personal online reading records, web browsing information, etc. Because our country adopts different protection methods for private information and non-private information in law, it is very important to distinguish them in judicial practice in the future. The author thinks that the obligee should not unilaterally decide whether a certain information belongs to private information, that is, it should not define private information from the obligee’s subjective understanding, but should first judge it according to the provisions of laws and regulations. If there is no provision, it should consider the following two factors comprehensively: (1) The more important the information is to safeguard the personal and property rights, personal dignity and personal freedom of natural persons, the more important it is. (2) How important is the information to maintain normal social communication and information freedom? The more important it is, the less it belongs to private information.

　　Second, the nature of personal information rights and interests

　　In order to coordinate the relationship between the protection of personal information of natural persons and the free flow and utilization of information, China’s Civil Code does not stipulate the right to personal information, but uses the expression of "personal information protection". Nevertheless, from the relevant provisions of the civil code on the protection of personal information, we can know that: first of all, natural persons enjoy civil rights rather than public rights for personal information. The core feature of personal information is identification, that is, only information that can identify a specific natural person belongs to personal information. This feature determines that the protection of personal information is not an end in itself, but a risk of infringement on the personal property rights and interests of natural persons, even personal dignity and personal freedom caused by the processing of personal information. Therefore, from the perspective of the natural person as the subject of personal information, its main interest is a defensive interest, that is, the interest that the natural person enjoys for personal information to prevent personal property rights and interests from being infringed or even personal dignity and personal freedom from being infringed or damaged due to the illegal handling of personal information. Although it is necessary to coordinate various interests in the protection of personal information, including the protection of natural person’s rights and interests, the maintenance of reasonable freedom of behavior and public interests, the confirmation of natural person’s personal information rights and interests cannot be opposed to the coordination of various interests around personal information. The legal confirmation and protection of the personal information rights and interests of natural persons is itself the definition of the freedom or interest boundaries of other subjects around personal information.

　　Secondly, the rights and interests of personal information protect the personality interests of natural persons. Although the Civil Code does not stipulate the right to personal information, the second paragraph of Article 990 of the Civil Code stipulates: "In addition to the personality right stipulated in the preceding paragraph, natural persons enjoy other personality rights based on personal freedom and personal dignity." Therefore, the personal information rights and interests of natural persons can be classified as other personal rights and interests of natural persons based on personal freedom and personal dignity. Articles 1037 and 1029 of the Civil Code stipulate the specific content of personal information rights and interests.

　　Thirdly, the rights and interests of personal information can protect the spiritual and economic interests of natural persons. China’s civil legislation and judicial practice always adhere to the unitary protection mode of personality right, that is, the protection of spiritual interests and economic interests is realized simultaneously through the personality right system. On the one hand, if property losses are caused by infringement of personal information rights and interests, the infringer may, according to Article 182 of the Civil Code, require the infringer to compensate according to the losses of the infringer or the profits of the infringer; If it is difficult to determine the loss and profit, the people’s court shall determine the amount of compensation according to the actual situation. On the other hand, if the infringement of personal information rights and interests causes serious mental damage, the infringed person has the right to request compensation for mental damage according to the first paragraph of Article 183 of the Civil Code. Therefore, there is no need to create a separate property right of personal information to protect the economic interests of natural persons on personal information.

　　Third, the difference between privacy and personal information rights and interests

　　Privacy and personal information rights and interests are two different personality rights and interests stipulated in China’s civil code, both of which can only be enjoyed by natural persons. The close relationship between the two shows that private information belongs to both privacy and personal information, and the legal provisions on the protection of personal information can be applied. Therefore, the second paragraph of Article 1034 of the Civil Code stipulates: "Private information in personal information shall be subject to the provisions on privacy; If there is no provision, the provisions on the protection of personal information shall apply. " However, there are obvious differences between privacy and personal information protection.

　　1. The strength of legal protection varies with the nature of rights and interests. As a specific personality right, privacy right belongs to absolute right and domination right in nature, and has the effect on the world. Any organization or individual must respect the right to privacy and shall not infringe upon or hinder it. Personal information rights and interests are not specific personality rights, let alone absolute rights and control rights, but only personality interests protected by law. This difference in nature determines that there are the following differences in the intensity and density of protection: (1) Whether the prohibition system of personality right protection is applicable is different. When the right of privacy is infringed, the obligee can apply the prohibition system of personality right stipulated in Article 997 of the Civil Code. However, when personal information is infringed, it cannot be applied. (2) Whether the fair use system is applicable is different. Although there are restrictions on the right to privacy, there is no reasonable use of the right to privacy. Because the right to privacy is very important to the personal dignity of natural persons. The protection of personal information must coordinate the relationship between the protection of natural person’s rights and interests and the free and reasonable use of information. Therefore, according to Article 999 of the Civil Code, those who conduct news reporting and supervision by public opinion for the public interest can use personal information reasonably. At the same time, Article 1036 also specifically stipulates the exemption reasons for infringing personal information. None of these provisions apply to the right to privacy. (3) The legal rank of whether exceptions can be stipulated is different. According to Article 1033 of the Civil Code, the exception for infringement of privacy can only be made by "law"; According to the first paragraph of Article 1035, "laws and administrative regulations"You can make other provisions on whether it is necessary to obtain the consent of a natural person or his guardian to handle personal information.

　　2. Whether it can be used by others is different in commercial utilization. Privacy holders can dispose of their rights by themselves, such as disclosing their private information on the Internet or to the media, but privacy cannot be licensed to others. Because the right to privacy is mainly a passive defense function, it does not have the power to actively use it. Permission to use privacy will violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations or the consequences of public order and good customs. Personal information can be used by others.

　　3. The rules for handling personal information are different. According to the fifth item of Article 1033 of the Civil Code, dealing with other people’s private information is either with the "explicit consent" of the privacy holder or according to the law, otherwise, any organization or individual’s behavior of dealing with other people’s private information constitutes an infringement of privacy. However, according to Article 1035 of the Civil Code, personal information dealing with non-confidential information is either in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations or with the "consent" of the natural person or his guardian. It can be seen that there are two differences in the rules for handling private information and non-private personal information in the Civil Code: First, the consent of the obligee must be obtained for handling private information, while the consent of the natural person or his guardian can be obtained for handling non-private personal information. In other words, the guardian can’t agree with others to handle the private information of the ward without authorization. This is because privacy is more significant to the obligee. Secondly, it is necessary to obtain the "explicit consent" of the obligee when dealing with private information, while it is necessary to obtain the consent of the natural person or his guardian when dealing with non-private personal information. Explicit consent means that the natural person should not only express his consent in accordance with the law, but also express his intention to deal with the private information separately. Consent is not required to be a separate consent, nor is it required to be made only for the specific personal information being processed, but it can be a general consent.

　　(The author is a professor at Tsinghua University Law School)

Farewell ceremony of Zhang Hanzhi’s body was held in Babaoshan.

The picture shows Zhang Hanzhi’s daughter Hong Huang (middle) walking out of the mourning hall with her mother’s portrait in her hand after the farewell ceremony.

The picture shows Zhang Hanzhi’s daughter Hong Huang (right) stepping on the hearse to see her mother off after the farewell ceremony.

　　On February 1st, a farewell ceremony for the body of Zhang Hanzhi, one of China’s outstanding diplomats in the 1970s and a generation of celebrities, was held in Babaoshan, Beijing. Hundreds of relatives and friends from Zhang Hanzhi and celebrities from all walks of life went to bid farewell. Zhang Hanzhi, the adopted daughter of Zhang Shizhao, a well-known democrat, died on January 26th this year at the age of 73. Zhang Hanzhi used to be an English teacher in Mao Zedong and was the wife of Qiao Guanhua, a famous diplomat in China. China News Agency issued Zou Xian photo

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Editor: Yin Wei

Many old acquaintances returned to Morena Bacalin to join Dead Waiter 3.

Deadpool

　　　　 On April 27th, Beijing time, according to foreign media reports, Morena Bacalin and Stefan Kapicic returned to Dead Waiter 3 and continued to play Vanessa and Guinness.

　　Karan Soni and leslie uggams, old acquaintances who had previously announced their return, continued to play the roles of taxi driver Dobinder and roommate blind wife Al.

　　This film is the first film in which "Deadpool" joins MCU, with ryan reynolds returning to the leading role, Hugh Jackman "Wolverine" newly joining, and Emma Colin and matthew macfadyen also starring. Directed by shawn levy, it will be R-rated, and it is planned to start shooting in May this year and be released in North America on November 8 next year.

　　Deadpool, whose real name is wade winston wilson, is a fictional character created by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in New Mutant # 98 (published in February 1991). At first, Deadpool was set as a super villain, but after he was transferred from New Mutant to Agent X series, he gradually became an anti-hero who attracted more attention from readers. Deadpool is a mercenary and assassin who has been disfigured and thus deeply troubled. He has strong self-healing ability and superhuman physical quality. Because of his joking style, especially his tendency to break the fourth wall to create humor or play gimmicks, he won the nickname "mouth gun mercenary"

　　Deadpool’s popularity is also reflected in his appearance in other media. In the comic book series Cable and Deadpool in 2004, Deadpool called his scar "the intersection of ryan reynolds and Sha Pigou". Reynolds finally played Deadpool in the X-Men Movie Series, and appeared in Wolverine (2009), Deadpool (2016) and its sequel Dead Servant 2 (2018). On March 20, 2019, Walt Disney Company returned through the merger of 20th Century Fox, X-Men and Fantastic Four. But only Deadpool confirmed that he would not restart or re-cast, and Deadpool, played by Ryan Reynolds, would return and join the Marvel movie universe.

　　Wade winston wilson lost his father when he was young, and his mother became desperate. Later, he also left home to find another way. However, there are two mothers and three fathers in his memory, but no matter which version, they all died in the end. Later, his friends, Ply Si Tong and Scott, agents of S.H.I.E.L.E.L.D., discovered in an incident that he was controlled by a villain named Butler in his youth and then killed his family, but Deadpool himself didn’t know at present.

　　When he grew up, Wade joined the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command and became a mercenary. He was sent to kill a man named Wade T Wilson in a mission, which reminded Wade of his real name.

　　As one of the most violent characters in the X-Men, Deadpool accepted the experiment of "X-Weapon" in the early stage to treat cancer, and implanted the regenerative healing factor from Jingang Wolf into his own body. Even after being tortured, he was able to regenerate quickly, and his body was torn apart and restored to its original state, which led to the excessive growth of brain cells and became crazy. Regenerative ability and cancer cells repel each other, resulting in a body full of scars. I was deeply ashamed and didn’t want to implicate my girlfriend’s happy life, so I left her. Later, in a secret war, I met a black symbiont who just came to earth and was possessed by it. This symbiont is the venom that later possessed Spider-Man: the deadly guardian.

　　Later, he found an apartment by himself, and advertised that he could accept anyone’s entrustment to kill people. Because of this, the punisher became sworn enemies with him, and even Spider-Man disliked his style very much.

　　In fact, Deadpool was very kind, and after leaving the "X-weapon", he would no longer kill good people. Usually, he was hired to kill only gangsters, terrorist organizations and some famous villains in the Marvel universe. But Deadpool is very lewd. Before accepting the experiment, he originally wanted to spend the rest of his life with his former girlfriend. Later, when his girlfriend left him, he often made love everywhere.

　　Deadpool is used to chatting with his other personalities at ordinary times, and has a yellow dialog box to represent his other personality, which usually makes his companions unhappy with him. Marvel Comics is one of the few people who know that they are in the comic world. In many cases, he will deliberately break the fourth wall to have a dialogue with readers. He likes to eat tacos.

　　I think I have the ability to regenerate, so I can be regarded as a mutant, but because it is implanted the day after tomorrow, it is not accepted by the X-Men, so I often make trouble under an excuse, which makes the members of the X-Men have a headache.

　　In private love, he has kissed and made out with many women. And once had feelings with the goddess of death, so she was cursed by Thanos, who also fell in love with the goddess of death, and became immortal, so she could not be with her. Deadpool accepted Drakula’s entrustment to bring back his fiancee, succubus queen Kela Xia (political marriage, when Drakula thought Kela Xia was his first daughter) in The Iron Hand Challenge. As a result, Kela Xia unexpectedly fell in love with Deadpool, and they got married.

　　In many stories, we can know that Deadpool is a language expert. For example, in the story of Jin Gang Wolf, he translated the dialect of Wa Kanda, and in The Art of War of Deadpool, he showed that he could understand ancient Chinese, even the characters of the Warring States Period.

　　It is learned from Deadpool #250 that Deadpool died in the collision between the main universe and the ultimate universe. But eight months after the secret war, Deadpool cooperated with Captain America to steal chemicals that might save his life from a sick thief.

　　Later, Deadpool was recruited into The Avengers in The Extraordinary Avenger, and he used the fame brought by The Avengers to set up a bounty mercenary group (also known as the money-grabbing special attack team), but later he broke up because of poor management and Deadpool’s lack of leadership, and was later taken over by Domino.

　　Thanks to the "X-weapon" experiment, Deadpool has a very strong regenerative self-healing ability and superhuman physical quality, and its regenerative ability is even stronger than that of the Wolves of Jingang. Even if his brain and heart are fatally injured, he can heal and regenerate quickly, and his body can recover quickly even if it is divided, but his regenerative ability is mutually exclusive with cancer cells in the body, resulting in scars everywhere.

　　Deadpool has the ability to break the fourth wall, which enables him to talk directly with readers or audiences. This ability is also reflected in the live-action movies. He is one of the few people in Marvel Comics’s works who knows that he is in a comic world. Deadpool is also one of the most famous talkers in Marvel comics, and his talker is stronger than Spider-Man’s, so he is known as the "talker mercenary" and "the first talker in Marvel Comics". The reason behind this is actually that his mutant ability causes excessive growth of brain cells, which makes his character crazy.

　　In many stories, we can know that Deadpool is a language expert. For example, in the story of Jin Gang Wolf, he once translated the dialect of Wa Kanda, and in The Art of War in Deadpool, he showed that he could understand ancient Chinese, even the characters of the Warring States period.

　　Deadpool is also an expert in gun, fencing and fighting. His main weapons are pistols and two Tatsu Yamashiro. In the live-action movie, he used to turn two Tatsu Yamashiro to resist bullets fired by electric cables, and even easily killed a large group of members of the "X-Weapons" project with only twelve bullets.

　　(Meng Qing)

Heavy truck cooling and heat dissipation know how much coolant is the most critical.

The function of automobile cooling system is to dissipate the heat in time to make the engine work at the most suitable temperature. The ideal automobile cooling system should not only meet the needs of engine cooling, but also reduce heat loss and energy consumption, so that the engine can have better energy-saving effect on the basis of ensuring good power performance.