分类： bb

　　It happened that my family had to change to a mid-size car and accompany my family to test drive during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday. Because my family had a high demand for power, I recommended several mainstream models with 2.0T turbocharged engines to him, and I also tested these models. Among them, the brand-new Regal of Buick impressed me the most, which is also my first experience of the brand-new Regal of Buick. When I stepped on the accelerator, its power exceeded my expectations, which also made me interested in it.

　　Last year, a new generation of Buick Regal was officially launched, which adopted the latest generation of Buick design style in appearance, and the slip-back style was also in line with the current trend. The interior design still retains the family design language. In terms of power, in addition to the models equipped with 1.5T and 2.0T engines, a hybrid model consisting of 1.8L Atkinson cycle engine and motor has been added. In addition, the GS version of the car is also listed together, and the rich power system and the GS version of the car emphasize Buick’s advantages in power system.

　　The new generation Regal will provide three power options of 20T, 28T and 30H, corresponding to 1.5T, 2.0T turbocharged engines and 1.8L+ motors respectively, in which the gasoline version models are matched with the latest 9-speed Hydra-Matic gearbox, while the hybrid models are matched with the e-CVT gearbox. The 1.5T engine has a maximum power of 163 HP and a peak torque of 252Nm；. The 2.0T engine has a maximum power of 254 HP and a peak torque of 350Nm；. The hybrid vehicle consists of a 1.8L naturally aspirated engine and an electric motor, and the maximum power of the engine is 123 HP.

　　This 9AT gearbox is also the latest technology of Buick. The 9-speed Hydra-Matic intelligent gearbox adopts coaxial design, all gears are arranged in the same line with the intermediate shaft, and the key technology of one-way clutch can be selected, which makes it have a compact volume equivalent to that of the 6-speed automatic gearbox. The new hydraulic torque converter uses a long-stroke damping disc, which greatly improves the NVH performance of the whole vehicle during driving, with lower vibration and more comfortable feeling.

　　Combined with the actual needs of users in daily use, the gear ratio distribution of the new 9-speed Hydra-Matic intelligent gearbox is more compact and reasonable, which minimizes the energy consumption and impact of shifting at low speed and brings an extremely smooth shifting experience.

　　In fact, it’s not just the new powertrain on the new generation of Regal. Since the founding of Buick brand, performance has always been regarded as Buick’s DNA. At every stage of automobile development, Buick’s technology will be the first to be applied and popularized.

　　The picture shows david buick.

　　David dunbar buick, the father of Buick, founded the Buick brand in 1903. Interestingly, david dunbar buick was born in Scotland, and only came to the United States with his family when he was 2 years old and settled in Detroit.

　　The picture shows a bird’s eye view of Detroit.

　　As we all know, Detroit is the largest city in Michigan, USA, and it has gradually become a transportation hub because of its favorable weather and geographical location. With the rise of shipping, shipbuilding and manufacturing industries, Detroit gradually became the most important heavy industry city in the United States in the 20th century. In this land, the rise of American automobile culture was born. In 1896, Henry Ford built his first car on this hot land.

　　David buick, which grew up in this industrial city, has a strong interest in internal combustion engines. In 1903, david buick and engineer Eugene Richard developed and integrated the overhead valve engine technology.Buick became a "pioneer of overhead valve engine cars". This is also one of the most important achievements in the process of automobile development so far.

　　This engine, called Model B Engine, uses a two-cylinder overhead valve engine and can reach 21 horsepower at 1230 rpm. Compared with the side valve design at that time, the overhead valve engine technology has the advantages of simple structure, higher efficiency and stronger dynamic performance. This design has also been widely used in later models. It can be said that the overhead valve technology developed by Buick is an important milestone in the development history of automobile industry.

　　One year after the Buick brand was founded, its first model Flint Buick(MODEL B) was officially born. Walter Marr and david buick’s son Tom drove this car and completed a test drive from Detroit to Flint, covering 184 kilometers and taking 217 minutes. The average speed reached 48 km/h. You know, the top speed of Mercedes-Benz I is only 15 km/h.

　　From the modeling point of view, the wooden body structure and single-row seats are still built with the carriage as the prototype, but MODEL B, through the application of double-cylinder overhead valve technology, allows it to run out of the amazing speed at that time while mastering skilled driving skills. It can be seen that this technology is very important for automobile evolution.

　　Buick also participated in the year’s "Eagle Rock Mountain Climbing Race"and created a speed record in the same group. Since then, MODEL B has laid the foundation for Buick’s manipulation and sportiness. At the same time, it also exported its improved MODEL C model to Britain.

　　The MODEL C model has created at least three speed records in the event. The durability and strong power have made Buick famous and increased its confidence. In 1906, another 1907 model, Model D, was introduced.

　　MODEL D maintains a similar design to MODEL C in appearance, which is also a wooden body structure, double-row seats, and canvas roofs. However, on it, the biggest change is nothing more than the power system. Because Buick is equipped with a four-cylinder engine, the power system of the car is equipped with a 4.2L carburetor engine, which matches the 3-speed manual transmission. This is also the first time Buick has adopted a four-cylinder engine.

　　General motors corporation trademark

　　At the beginning of the 20th century, with the industrial revolution, more and more enterprises transformed to produce automobiles, and a large number of automobile companies appeared in the market at one time. Just like "American Automobile Company" and "British Leland Automobile Company", in order to unify the automobile industry, based on Buick, General Motors Company was established in 1908, and then companies such as Oldsmobile, Oakland (the predecessor of Pontiac) and Cadillac will be merged into more and more companies to start manufacturing cars.

　　In 1908, Buick introduced MODEL 10, which was cheaper and more popular, aiming at the low-end market. And its short body structure and white painting design are also called "gentlemen’s light four-door sports car". The main competitor it aimed at was the "Ford Model T" launched by Ford in 1908.

　　In terms of power, Buick MODEL 10 is equipped with a new 2.7L overhead valve four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of 22.5 HP, while the standard Ford Model T is equipped with a 2.9L four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of only 20 HP.

　　In terms of sales volume, from 1908 to 1910, the production and sales volume of MODEL 10 vehicles were 4,002, 8,100 and 11,000 respectively in three years, which gave a shot in the arm to the establishment of General Motors in 1908. Buick has also become the most profitable brand of General Motors.

　　The fledgling Buick took performance as its brand DNA since it came out, and also participated in the race. During the two years from 1909 to 1910, it broke many speed records.

　　In 1909, Buick participated in the Indianapolis 250-mile (402km) race, which was an endurance race at that time, and the test of vehicle stability was very strict. Bob Boehlmann, the driver of Buick Team, won the championship with an average speed of 85.33km/h in the Buick Racecar. In the end, only nine cars finished the race, among which three were Buick cars.

　　Another record also happened in 1909, when Buick, a technical madman with paranoia about performance, actually held a world-famous accelerated race in Daytona Beach. It was not a car that competed with Buick, but the first plane in the world. In the end, Buick won the game. This competition also created the first car-plane competition in history. Through this game, people were further shown the powerful performance of Buick.

　　In 1910, Buick built two Buick 60 Special Bug racing cars, which were smoother and more aerodynamic. And for the first time, aluminum body and wheel disc are adopted to reduce the weight and air resistance, and the weight of the car is only 1.18 tons. Coupled with the brand-new 10.2L four-cylinder engine, it set a speed record at that time at 115 miles (185 kilometers) per hour. And these two cars also won numerous awards on the field.

　　In 1925, Buick introduced 25 models, and its shape has changed a lot. The slender body, black wheel eyebrows and a number of spoke wood wheels make it look more elegant. The biggest change is that it is equipped with an inline six-cylinder engine for the first time. This engine has a displacement of 3.1L, adopts an overhead 2-valve/cylinder, and can output 48 horsepower (35.8 kW) at 2700 rpm, with a maximum torque of 163 Nm at 1600 rpm, and is equipped with a 3-speed manual gearbox. Great progress has been made in power and reliability.

　　Since Buick was equipped with in-line six-cylinder engines on all 25 models, in 1931, it introduced 50, 60, 80, 90 and 95 models. These five cars are equipped with three in-line eight-cylinder engines with different displacements, which is the first time that Buick is equipped with an eight-cylinder engine. It can be said that it is a crucial year for the development of Buick brand.

　　Buick’s car system naming at that time was similar to that of compact cars, medium-sized cars and medium-sized and large cars. The larger the value, the higher the level. Among them, the 50 series is equipped with a 77-horsepower 3.62L engine, the 60 series is equipped with a 4.47L 90-horsepower engine, and the high-end 80, 90 and 95 series models are equipped with a 5.65L 104-horsepower engine. It can be said that all Buick cars are equipped with an in-line eight-cylinder engine.

　　The picture shows the exclusive logo of Buick 8-cylinder model.

　　Buick’s in-line eight-cylinder engine has optimized double carburetors and aluminum oil pan, and adopted full-automatic ignition advance device for the first time without manual operation. Soon, Buick’s eight-cylinder engine gained a firm foothold in the 1930s.

　　Not only in the engine, but also in the suspension system, Buick has made many breakthroughs. From this point of view, as long as it is related to performance, Buick is indispensable.

　　In 1933, General Motors developed an independent suspension system, which made the vehicle more comfortable when bumping, and reduced the wheel loss when encountering a collision. This design was also installed on all GM models after 1934.

　　In 1938, Buick introduced the rear spiral spring suspension, which further improved the comfort of the whole vehicle. The 1938 Buick Century was fortunate to be the first vehicle with four-wheel spiral spring suspension in the United States. The suspension system is adjusted to be very soft, and the driving on the bumpy road is leisurely. The driving experience of American cars like big ships has become popular since Buick Century.

　　In addition, Buick Century was also equipped with "Dynaflash”5.2L inline 8-cylinder engine, which had higher compression ratio, shorter stroke, dome-shaped aluminum alloy piston, hollow rocker arm, chain-driven camshaft and other new technologies, resulting in a maximum power of 141 horsepower and a top speed of over 165km/h, making it the fastest production car at that time.

　　In 1939, World War II broke out. Like other car brands, Buick also received a large number of military orders. Produced a large number of ambulances, M18 tanks and other war materials. And Buick, which is good at engines, has also produced 75,000 Pratt Whitney "Double Hornet" star aero engines for B24 Liberator bomber, and Buick has thus obtained huge financial returns.

　　Buick made a lot of money during World War II, and also developed an automatic transmission with a hydraulic torque converter for tanks. In 1948, after the end of World War II, Buick applied this technology to production models and named it "Dynaflow”。 And within three years, 75% of Buick’s models are equipped with "Dynaflow"Automatic transmission.

　　Buick is also the first brand to put the automatic gearbox of hydraulic torque converter on the production vehicle, which greatly improves the comfort of the vehicle. This gearbox was installed on the Buick Roadmaster in 1949. In addition, this model adopts Buick’s latest design style, and on this basis, the world’s first hardtop convertible car, Roadmaster Riviera, is launched.

　　The time has come to the 1950s, which is an important period in which everything needs to be done. With the economic recovery in the United States, the automobile industry has flourished. More modern appearance, wider body and stronger power have become the development direction.

　　As a brand DNA with performance, Buick’s pursuit of engines is endless. In 1953, Buick developed a V-8 engine with high compression ratio, which was called "Nailhead" because of its unique valve shape.

　　This V8 engine is designed with large cylinder diameter and short stroke, with a single inclined top combustion chamber shape, smaller valve, longer valve stem and vertical arrangement. The central spark plug makes the combustion faster and more uniform, so that it can provide powerful torque in a wide speed range, and at the same time, it can give consideration to certain economy while ensuring power, leading the trend again.

　　The first generation nail V8 engine 4.3LAnd the maximum output power is 188 horsepower and 255 horsepower respectively 5.3L At that time, the dynamic parameters fully met the standards of performance cars. In 1953, it coincided with the 50th anniversary of the birth of Buick brand. For this memorable moment, Buick was equipped with this engine for the first time on the 50th anniversary limited edition model of Roadmaster Skylark.

　　At that time, the world’s lightest mass-produced V8 engine.

　　In 1961, Buick once again led the trend and launched the world’s lightest production version of the V8 engine. This engine was made of all-aluminum material, with a weight of 144 kg, a displacement of 3.531L, a dual-chamber carburetor, a compression ratio of 8.8: 1, and a maximum output of 155 horsepower and 298Nm. For the first time, this engine is also fully equipped on the Buick Special (special envoy) model that locates compact cars.

　　In 1962, based on the all-aluminum V8 engine, Buick introduced the world’s first V6 engine, named FireBall, which was also put on the Buick Special for the first time. This V6 engine has a displacement of 3.2L and a maximum power of 198HP. More than 20% of the vehicles are equipped with V6 engines, and the sales of this vehicle have been greatly improved due to the introduction of new technologies.

　　If the 1950s was the stage of Buick’s technological innovation, from in-line 8-cylinder engine to V-type 6-cylinder engine, the power was improved while the fuel economy was also taken into account. Then the 1960s to the early 1970s can be said to be the era when muscle cars were rampant.

　　In 1963, Buick introduced the Riviera car series. Adopt double-door hardtop Coupe design. This series of models not only meet the driving pleasure, but also have certain comfort. The original Riviera car was equipped with a 3.2L V6 engine.

　　After 10 years of development, Buick has also entered the era of muscle cars. On the 1972 Riviera model, not only the appearance became more radical, but also modern. But also equipped with the second generation.Nailhead engine, usingThe 7.5L overhead valve V8 engine has a maximum power of 250 HP, while on the most powerful version, it has a maximum power of 360 HP.

　　In 1973, the oil crisis broke out, and the whole automobile industry fell into a trough, and the market of large-displacement muscle cars was gradually squeezed out. At this time, Buick improved the previous V6 engine mold and added a turbocharger. Fuel economy has improved by 13%-29%.

　　In addition, in 1979, Buick introduced the first front-wheel drive model-Riviera S, and was named "Car of the Year" by Motor Trend. Through the brand-new V6 turbocharged engine and front-wheel drive models, the energy consumption has been further reduced, and the market share has steadily increased under the background of oil shortage, which also indicates that Buick has entered a new era.

　　In 1985, BuickThe V6 turbocharged engine manufactured for the 500th Indy Games won numerous awards in the competition. Won the championship and runner-up,The average speed is close to 220Km/h, and it has set a speed record of 329.26km/h for one lap and 327.65km/h for four laps.

　　In 1984, Buick introduced the Grand National high-performance version for the second generation Regal (Regal in China), equipped with 3.8L V6Intercooled turbocharged engine with maximum power of 276.Horsepower, it only takes 4.9 seconds to accelerate from standstill to 96 km/h. In 1987, a limited edition Regal GNX ultimate model was launched, with a power output of 300 HP, a maximum torque of 488 Nm, and an acceleration time of 0-96km/h of 4.7 seconds, so it became the fastest American car in the 1980s. However, the final output of the car is only 547 units, and all of them are painted in black, which is very rare.

　　In 1998, Buick officially entered the China market, and its first domestic model was Buick Century. In 1999, GL8 was launched, which seized the commercial vehicle market in China. The subsequent launch of Buick Excelle, Regal, LaCrosse and other models made Buick gradually gain a foothold in China, and the market focus gradually shifted from the United States to the China market.

　　In 2008, Buick’s new generation Regal was listed in China, based on Epsilon II platform. Compared with the previous generation, the appearance of the car body has been thoroughly changed, and the car body lines are smooth and full of modernity, which has achieved very good market performance in China, and it has also become a landmark product of Buick.

　　In 2009, Buick launched the Regal 2.0T luxury version with a 2.0T direct injection turbocharged engine, with a maximum power of 220 HP and a maximum torque of 350 Nm. In 2011, it launched a more sporty Regal GS version.

　　With the emission becoming more and more strict, small-displacement turbocharging has become a development trend. Buick took the lead in launching small-displacement turbocharging and equipped with 1.6T and 1.4T turbocharged engines on early Yinglang XT and Angola models.

　　The picture shows the 2013 Yinglang XT.

　　In 2015, GM launched a new generation of Ecotec small displacement powertrain system around the world. The engine series ranges from 1.0L to 1.5L. It adopts advanced power technology and structural design, such as in-cylinder direct injection, variable displacement oil pump, cylinder head and exhaust manifold integration, patented reverse tooth chain timing chain, all-aluminum split cylinder block, etc., and has the characteristics of high performance, low fuel consumption, ultra-quietness and extra durability. It is also mounted on Angkor 20T, Weilang 20T and Weilang GS 20T models.

　　By 2018, in addition to small-displacement turbocharging, three-cylinder engines have also become an important development trend. For example, Buick GL6, Xinyinglang and Yuelang are all equipped with a 1.3T turbocharged three-cylinder engine matched with a 6-speed automatic transmission. The powertrain has a maximum power of 163 HP and a maximum torque of 230 Nm. In addition, there is a 1.0T three-cylinder engine with 125 horsepower and 170 Nm to choose from.

　　In addition to the development trend of small-displacement turbocharging, the internet of vehicles has gradually become the future development direction of automobiles. On the basis of the general OnStar OnStar system, Buick also launched a new generation of eConnect interconnection technology, taking the lead in launching "cloud"-centric in-vehicle applications, and launched a lifetime free service for application traffic.

　　And in the near future, there will be functions such as OTA remote upgrade, vehicle remote control and virtual key to truly realize the seamless combination of people, cars and life.

　　Throughout Buick’s 115-year history, it has taken the lead in developing overhead valve engines, in-line six-cylinder and eight-cylinder engines, and even stronger V6 and V8 engines. From large-displacement turbocharged engines to small-displacement turbocharged engines with both performance and economy, from OnStar in-vehicle service to car networking system, Buick can always take the lead in innovation and lead the trend according to the development of the times. Behind it, the stubbornness of technology and the observation of the market have contributed.

　　Since it entered China in 1998, the cumulative sales of SAIC-GM Buick brand in China market has exceeded 10 million in just 20 years, which also supports Buick’s determination to innovate constantly.

1905 movie network news The film The Farewell will be released nationwide on November 22nd. Recently, the film held an advance viewing activity, which won rave reviews from the audience. In the word-of-mouth video, the expression of family affection in the film also awakened people’s memories and thoughts about their families. "Truthfulness, sincerity and warmth" became the audience’s first feeling after watching the movie. The touching feelings of grandparents and grandchildren, vivid character and real life texture all won the audience’s fancy praise.

"One story and hundreds of memories" The Farewell has a strong emotional resonance.

The film The Farewell recently held a special movie theater of "One Story, Hundred Memories", and released a word-of-mouth video. On the same day, an experiment was conducted, in which all the audience were asked to stand up and face the question of whether to give care to the elders of the next generation in the near future. Among the 207 audience, 103 stood at the end.

The affection between grandparents and grandchildren in the film reminds many viewers of their own stories. "When my grandmother left, I told myself that I must cherish my grandfather in the future." Some viewers felt that "from the beginning to the end, what has always been touched is the title of the film. Family members may be the people who cheat the most in our life, so they don’t want to be a burden because of love."

After the screening, many viewers also had more thoughts on family ties through the film. "After watching it, I also want to call my grandmother. After all, the regret of not being able to accompany me is even greater than the sky." "I promise that I will never be too jealous of my grandmother’s nagging again, and I will never take no time as an excuse to prevaricate her from going home again and again."

At the end, the audience also expressed their love for their families. "I hope grandparents can live happily every day, and don’t worry about us." Every shared story contains deep memories, and every missing that may not be too late to say is full of true feelings. Family is always the warmest harbor behind them. Cherish every second of time together and often go home to see it.

At present, the film The Farewell has been pre-sold on major ticketing platforms, and will be shown in 16 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou from 15: 00 to 20: 59 on November 16th to 17th.

　

The Farewell’s sincere, warm and touching family relationship triggered public memories and reflections.

The film The Farewell is based on the real experience of director Wang Ziyi. As soon as it appeared at Sundance Film Festival at the beginning of this year, it won the "Audience’s Favorite Film" award and was praised by the media as the "Dark Horse of the Year in 2019 in North America". Recently, it was nominated for the Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Film, Best Screenplay and Best Actress.

"Truth, sincerity and warmth" are the first feelings of many audiences. The touching grandparents’ feelings, vivid character and real life texture have all won the audience’s fancy praise. "Grandma is proud and worried, the role is very real, and the spiritual pillar is very powerful."

The film tells the story of a Chinese family who told a lie with a wedding banquet in order to accompany her grandmother with cancer. The affection between the grandparents and grandchildren played by Billie in Awkwafina and Grandma in Zhao Shuzhen not only directly hit the audience’s tears, but also caused the audience to think about the family relationship. The topic of "Should I tell her that my family is seriously ill?" There was endless discussion. "My grandmother’s ending was different from that in the movie. She left too fast and finally realized that she still had a lot of regrets when her time was coming." "If I met the situation in the movie, I would be confused. What I can do now is to cherish my family.

　

The film The Farewell is directed by Wang Ziyi, starring Awkwafina, Zhao Shuzhen, Mattei and Lin Xiaojie, and will be released nationwide on November 22nd.

CCTV News:During the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, affected by multiple factors such as returning home and visiting relatives, the popularity of family travel is obvious, and the tourism market in many places across the country has made a good start.

Since the second day of the Lunar New Year, the number of people traveling abroad has increased significantly. In Suzhou, solve riddles on the lanterns, watching dragon dances and visiting the market, a series of Spring Festival garden activities full of annual flavor have made the Xiangshan scenic spot here full of tourists, and the daily average number of tourists is nearly three times that of the same period last year. In the humble administrator’s garden, a traditional garden attraction, colorful lights are hung high and flowers of all colors are placed in traditional buildings, and the number of visitors to the park reaches 30 thousand every day.

According to statistics, two days before the Spring Festival holiday, 634 A-level tourist attractions and 195 key rural tourist villages above the provincial level in Jiangsu Province received more than 12.27 million tourists, and the total consumption of tourists reached 5.2 billion yuan. In Jiangxi, the province’s 5A-level scenic spots and key 4A-level scenic spots received 984,000 tourists, an increase of 82% over the same period last year. Xi’ an, which just boarded the hot search with the Spring Festival Evening, has experienced a surge in tourism popularity. The travel orders for the Spring Festival holiday increased by 317% year-on-year, and the ticket orders increased by 480% year-on-year. The passenger flow of 952 scenic spots included in big data monitoring in Hunan Province reached 1,583,400. Eleven parks in Beijing, such as Tiantan, Beihai and Jingshan, received a total of 547,600 tourists on the third day of the New Year, an increase of 127.13% over last year.

During the Spring Festival, it is a new trend to experience the national tide. By holding traditional folk custom activities such as characteristic folk custom experience, non-legacy cultural performances, temple fairs and lantern festivals combined with trend culture, scenic spots around the country have rendered the atmosphere of the New Year with new scenes and new ways of playing, which has driven the comprehensive consumption growth of hotels, restaurants and so on.

This Spring Festival, the ice and snow tourism in the north of Lanxi, Heilongjiang Province continues to be hot, and the south of Sanya, Hainan Province has also become the choice of many tourists.

Up to now, tickets for the Palace Museum, National Museum, Guangdong Provincial Museum, Suzhou Museum, Sanxingdui Museum, Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou and other scenic spots have been sold out or the number of people is full. It is recommended to visit in the wrong peak and area, and some scenic spots have taken current restriction measures.

Shenyang, Liaoning: the cultural tourism market welcomes the Year of the Loong to make a good start

At the beginning of the Year of the Loong, the travel market in Shenyang, Liaoning Province got off to a good start. In the first three days of the Spring Festival holiday, the cumulative reception of domestic tourists in Shenyang increased by 106.24% year-on-year, and the domestic tourism revenue increased by 218.03%. The number of tourists in popular scenic spots such as Shenyang Palace Museum has soared, and ice and snow sports have been sought after by everyone.

During the Spring Festival, the dragon dance performance organized by Shenyang Forbidden City attracted many tourists. In order to make it easier for everyone to visit and tour, Shenyang Forbidden City opened in advance and closed later according to the passenger flow during the festival. In Baiqingzhai Ski Resort of Shenyang Institute of Physical Education, the snowy roads are crowded, and many southern tourists come here to experience the ice and snow sports.

In addition, all kinds of authentic Northeast cultural tourism projects have become the first choice for many tourists.

Many scenic spots usher in the peak of passenger flow

During the Spring Festival holiday, the Jiuhua Mountain Scenic Area in Anhui and the Mausoleum Museum of the First Qin Emperor in Shaanxi ushered in the peak of passenger flow.

In the early morning of the 12th, Jiuhua Mountain welcomed a large number of self-driving tourists. On the S228 provincial road entering the scenic spot, the traffic flow stretches for several kilometers. By 12 noon that day, there were more than 14,400 self-driving vehicles.

In order to cope with the continuous surge in traffic volume, Jiuhua Mountain opened five fixed parking lots and Jiuhua Avenue temporary parking lot at the same time, and the traffic police department implemented diversion control measures on the roads outside the scenic spot. Nearly 100 volunteers provide tourists with warm services such as tour guidance, ride guidance and order maintenance. Three days before the Spring Festival, Jiuhua Mountain received a total of 180,400 tourists.

In Shaanxi, in order to ensure tourists’ safe and orderly visit, the Mausoleum Museum of the First Qin Emperor implements time-sharing reservation and off-peak visit. Visitors who plan to visit can pay attention to the museum’s official ticketing website, WeChat WeChat official account and other online booking tickets. According to the needs of holiday reception, the check-in time of the museum from February 12 (the third day) to February 15 (the sixth day) is adjusted to 8: 00 am to 5: 00 pm.

　　Hu Chunfeng, Party Secretary and Director of Yangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Administration

　　Market supervision has stood at a new starting point. The newly established Yangzhou Municipal Bureau of Market Supervision will adhere to the working idea of "keeping the bottom line, creating an environment, standardizing competition, improving quality and promoting development", start a new journey of market supervision, be the main force of market supervision, highlight the people’s beautiful pursuit of consumption quality and service, actively adapt to the needs of "big market, big consumption and big mediation", and constantly improve the convenience of consumer complaints, the breadth of consumer education and consumption. Strive to achieve the same frequency resonance between market supervision and consumer rights protection, create a safer and more secure market consumption environment, and truly let the people buy, use and eat with confidence.

　　background for news stories

　　Recently, the pictures taken by some China underwater robots in the deep sea have attracted many people’s attention: the remote-controlled unmanned submersible Discovery carried on the scientific research ship photographed the "underwater garden" and collected two snail-like mollusks with pink heads and white bodies; The high-definition video of the manned submersible "Deep Sea Warrior" in the 2000m deep sea was also exposed for the first time, showing us a magical underwater world … …

　　In fact, including Discovery and Deep Sea Warrior, the underwater robots developed by our country have formed a "family", and here we will introduce some representative members.

　　"Hairen No.1"

　　China’s first underwater robot

　　The ocean occupies the vast majority of the earth’s surface, pregnant with endless resources and rich treasures, and the development and utilization of marine resources has become a competitive development strategy for all countries. Underwater robot is an important means to explore the ocean. Generally speaking, underwater robots can be divided into three categories: cabled underwater robots (ROV), cableless autonomous underwater robots (AUV) and manned submersibles (HOV).

　　According to the domestic market demand, in 1979, the team headed by Jiang Xinsong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, first put forward the research plan of marine robots in China. In 1982, China Academy of Sciences formally established a project to carry out "Application Research of Intelligent Machinery in the Ocean".

　　The first underwater robot in our country was born in 1985. It is called "HR-01" and it is an underwater robot with cables.

　　The prototype of "Hairen-1" developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation successfully made its maiden voyage in Dalian in December 1985. In 1986, the improved "Hairen-1" completed its sea trial.

　　With a total power of 20 horsepower and a maximum working depth of 200 meters, Hairen-1 is a research work carried out by Chinese researchers completely relying on independent technology and based on domestic supporting conditions, and it is an important milestone in the development history of underwater robots in China.

　　"Explorer"

　　China’s first cableless autonomous underwater robot

　　In 1994, Shenyang Institute of Automation successfully developed the autonomous cableless underwater robot Explorer. Its working depth reached 1000 meters, and the cable connected with the mother ship was thrown away, realizing the leap from cable to no cable.

　　In October of that year, "Explorer" conducted five voyages of sea trials in the South China Sea of China, and successfully dived to a depth of 1,000 meters near the Xisha Islands, becoming a pioneer for China to reach the deep sea.

　　CR-01 China’s first cableless autonomous underwater vehicle facing 6000m.

　　In 1992, Shenyang Institute of Automation cooperated with Russian Institute of Marine Technology, 702 CSSC, Institute of Acoustics of Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units to develop an autonomous underwater robot of 6000m class — — CR-01。

　　It visited the Pacific Ocean twice in 1995 and 1997 respectively, and obtained a large number of videos, photos and audio images of polymetallic nodules on the seabed, which provided an important basis for resource exploration in the pioneer area. Its success made China one of the few countries in the world with 6,000m underwater robots at that time.

　　The significance of its successful development also lies in the fact that China has the ability to conduct detailed exploration of the sea areas except trenches. In 1991, China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association was approved by the United Nations as the fifth pioneer investor in deep-sea mining, undertaking the exploration task of 300,000 square kilometers of ocean floor, and finally having the priority right to exploit 75,000 square kilometers of sea area with the richest mineral resources. CR-01 provides a powerful technical means for this.

　　In 1997, CR-01 was rated as one of the top ten scientific and technological advances in China. In the same year, CR-01 won the special prize of scientific and technological progress and the comprehensive major achievement award of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

　　Arctic ARV underwater robot goes to polar expedition

　　We all know about ROV, AUV and HOV, so what is ARV? In 2002, Shenyang Institute of Automation first put forward the concept of ARV — — ARV is a new concept underwater robot which combines the technical characteristics of AUV and ROV.

　　In July, 2008, the first generation of Arctic ARV took the "Snow Dragon" scientific research ship and joined the team for the third Arctic scientific research in China. In July, 2010, he participated in the fourth Arctic expedition in China again. At 86 degrees and 50 minutes north latitude, it was lowered from the ice cave for the first time, and the investigation under the ice was carried out successfully, which set a new record for the operation of underwater robots at high latitudes in China.

　　Arctic ARV can be said to be an effective, continuous, autonomous and real-time observation means for Arctic scientific research. The seemingly small Arctic ARV is equipped with measuring equipment such as temperature and salinity meter, luminous flux meter and underwater camera, and has a variety of scientific observation capabilities. A variety of scientific observation data, such as irradiance of light transmission under ice, ice bottom shape, sea ice thickness, temperature, salinity, depth and marine environmental parameters, can be obtained, which greatly supplements the existing monitoring methods under ice in the Arctic.

　　The Birth of Dragon’s Control System

　　In July 2012, the "Jiaolong" manned submersible (HOV) successfully completed the 7000-meter sea test, with a maximum dive depth of 7062 meters. Shenyang Automation Institute, as one of the main research units of Jiaolong, undertook the development of control system and technical support tasks.

　　The control system of manned submersible is the "brain and nerve" of the manned submersible. It collects the operation instructions of the operation panel and the information of various sensors on the manned submersible, and outputs instructions to control various actuators through the analysis and judgment of the "brain", so that the submersible can complete various actions, and at the same time, the collected information is stored and displayed, which is convenient for submariners and commanders to operate.

　　Deep-sea satellite in "Qianlong-1" undersea resources exploration equipment

　　"Qianlong No.1" is China’s first 6000m AUV deep-sea practical equipment, with all independent intellectual property rights. This project is a Twelfth Five-Year Plan project for the investigation and development of international marine resources formulated by the Office of China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association, which is jointly developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Acoustics, Harbin Engineering University and other units. It can cover 98.8% of the ocean area, and it is called the deep-sea satellite in the equipment of underwater resources exploration. Specifically, it mainly serves the exploration of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining areas in China.

　　In 2015, Shenyang Institute of Automation, China Academy of Sciences undertook the project "Practical transformation of 6000m underwater unmanned cableless submersible (AUV)", and passed the project acceptance organized by the office of China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association with excellent results. The successful development of "Qianlong No.1" has provided important technical equipment for China to carry out large-scale fine exploration of deep-sea resources, which indicates that China’s deep-sea resources exploration equipment has reached the practical level and made China’s AUV technology and products enter the international advanced ranks.

　　"Qianlong No.2" is a cute yellow fat fish.

　　"Second Brother" of "Hidden Dragon" Family — — "Hidden Dragon II" must be familiar to everyone. And "Big Brother" — — Compared with "Qianlong No.1", on the one hand, its design working depth is 4500 meters; On the other hand, it mainly serves the exploration of sulfide in deep-sea hydrothermal areas in China.

　　"Qianlong No.2" is the subject of the theme project "Deep-sea Submersible Technology and Equipment" in the field of marine technology in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". It is organized and implemented by the Office of China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association, and developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation as the overall technical unit together with the Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration and other units. In June 2016, the project passed the acceptance.

　　During the development of the project, some key technologies, such as brand-new vertical flat fish-shaped design of non-rotating body, collision avoidance control method under complex seabed topography, high-precision magnetic detection, comprehensive detection of hydrothermal anomalies and rapid data processing, have been broken through, and a number of effective data such as water anomaly, magnetic detection and terrain detection in hydrothermal area have been obtained in the experimental application in the southwest Indian Ocean. "Qianlong II" became the first unmanned submersible in China to obtain the classification certificate of China Classification Society (ccs).

　　On April 6th this year, the "Qianlong II" unmanned submersible, which carried out the 49th voyage of China Ocean in the southwest Indian Ocean, successfully completed its 50th dive, setting a new record for the number of dives of deep-sea autonomous underwater robots in China.

　　(Special "China Science Expo" WeChat WeChat official account feed)

>

　　From June 6 to June 12, according to the statistics of "China Audio-visual Big Data" (CVB), Perfect Village, the key drama of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, took over "Flowers and Leaves" and led the ratings; The popularity of the public security drama Burning and Trident has increased, attracting many viewers to watch it again. "Who says I can’t get married" ended smoothly, and the historical legendary drama "The Story of the Storm" took over; Urban drama "Happiness is within reach! "The heat is stable; Major revolutionary historical TV dramas such as Marshal Peng Dehuai have achieved good broadcast results; The reruns "District Squad" broadcast the finale, and the ratings were good.

　　Perfect Village took over Flowers and Leaves.

　　Audience leader

　　Perfect Village, the key drama of SARFT’s tackling poverty, was broadcast on CCTV-1 comprehensive channel "Flowers Are Flourishing", which tells the story of three young Communist party member’s poverty alleviation in the form of unit drama, explaining that communist party people always practice the mission of "people’s yearning for a better life is our goal". The drama attracted many viewers, and the average arrival rate (2.719%) and audience rating (1.630%) of each episode ranked first in this week’s TV series. At the same time, the drama set off a ratings boom in many places, ranking first in the ratings of 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and the ratings share in 23 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities exceeded 5%.

　　Public Security Drama Burning and Trident

　　The popularity of viewing has risen, attracting many viewers to look back.

　　This week, the ratings of Burning and Trident are good, and the average comprehensive ratings of each episode have increased to varying degrees compared with last week, and they have gained a large number of viewers. Among them, "Burning" looks back at the user scale and ranks first in this week’s prime-time TV series; The number of users of Trident ranked third in this week’s prime-time TV series.

　　"Who says I can’t get married" ended smoothly.

　　The historical legendary drama "The Story of the Storm on the Frontier"

　　This week, "Who says I can’t get married" aired the finale on CCTV-8 TV channel. The average arrival rate of each episode of the whole drama is 1.397%, and the audience rating is 0.684%, all of which are in the top 5 of the single channel ratings of prime-time TV dramas in the same period.

　　The Story of the Storm on the Frontier tells the legendary story of Zhangjiakou merchants on Zhangku Avenue of the "Northern Silk Road" from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, which allows the audience to appreciate the rich historical and cultural resources and profound cultural heritage of Zhangjiakou City. During the opening week of the drama, the audience rating was excellent, with an average arrival rate of 1.455% and an audience rating of 0.684% for each episode, all of which were in the top three of the single channel ratings of prime-time TV dramas.

　　Urban drama "Happiness is within reach! 》

　　Heat stability

　　This week, the drama was broadcast on Hunan Satellite TV. The average arrival rate of each episode was 0.967% and the loyalty was 62.369%, all of which were in the top five of the single channel ratings of prime-time TV dramas. At the same time, the repertoire attracted many viewers to follow the drama by watching it back, and the scale of watching users ranked second in this week’s prime-time TV series.

　　Major revolutionary historical TV series

　　Get good broadcast effect.

　　This week, "Marshal Peng Dehuai" was broadcast on CCTV-4 Chinese International Channel during the non-prime time. The average ratings of each episode of the two plays both broke 1, and the arrival rate was above 1.3%, which took the top 2 of the single channel ratings of non-prime-time TV dramas; The repertoire is highly sticky, and the average loyalty of each episode is above 70%, ranking among the top 5 in non-prime time TV dramas.

　　Before these two dramas, Mao Zedong, Nie Rongzhen and Marshal Liu Bocheng were also popular, reflecting the audience’s love for major revolutionary historical dramas.

　　The reruns "District Squad" broadcast the finale.

　　Good viewing performance

　　By telling the story of the anti-Japanese war of grass-roots armed forces, District Squad painted a historical picture of the national anti-Japanese war in the central Hebei plain, and carried forward the spirit of patriotism and revolutionary heroism. The play premiered on CCTV-8 TV channel in 2018, which gained a good audience reputation; It was replayed on Guangxi Satellite TV this year, and it was once again recognized by the audience. The ratings ranked high in prime-time TV dramas.

　　The relatively high popularity of "District Squad" has driven the audience to pay attention to the docking drama "Women are not strong and God forbid". 57.674% of the viewers of the first episode of "Women are not strong, God forbid" inherited from "District Squad".

　　—END—

　　Selected articles

　　Enlarging measures of radio and television programs to help farmers see practical results

　　Have you seen the "red zone" on the front line of anti-epidemic? The special program "Human World" is a hit.

　　Broadcasting and TV "group" live broadcast with goods, exploring new development paths

　　Zhang Huali: Open up a new model of helping agriculture and create a new sample of "precision poverty alleviation"

　　Here we are, click "Watching" before you go ~ ~ ~

>

   On March 11th, in the zero-carbon factory in fengcheng city, Jiangxi Province-Faurecia Gele Electronics (Fengcheng) Co., Ltd., the staff rushed to produce automotive electronic products in the production workshop. Photo by Zhou Liang (people’s picture)

   On March 19th, employees at Haisi United Station of Shengli Oilfield in Dongying City, Shandong Province maintained the hydraulic safety valve and mechanical breathing valve at the top of the oil storage tank to avoid air pollution caused by methane and other gases. Shengli Oilfield has implemented the special rectification measures for ecological environment protection in the Yellow River basin with high standards, and established a "waste-free oilfield" and a green factory, thus realizing green and clean production in the whole process of oil exploitation, pipeline transportation and storage. Photo by Wang Guozhang (people’s picture)

   On March 21st, in Hongde Primary School, Qingdao, Shandong Province, the narrator of the sewage treatment plant instructed the students to do experiments to cultivate children’s environmental awareness of saving water and protecting water in love the water. Zhang Yingshe (Xinhua News Agency)

   On March 15th, researchers conducted a liquid dye synthesis experiment at Zhejiang Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory) in Keqiao District, Shaoxing City. In recent years, new green equipment and advanced technology have been introduced to promote the transformation and upgrading of textile printing and dyeing industry to low pollution, high technology and high added value. Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Yushe

    Since 2022, the treatment of new pollutants has been written into the work report of our government for three consecutive years.

    With the deepening of the construction of beautiful China, China’s ecological environment protection work is developing from the treatment of sensory indicators such as "smog" and "black odor" to the treatment of new pollutants with long-term and hidden hazards.

    "Hard bones" that must be chewed.

    What are new pollutants?

    At present, the new pollutants widely concerned at home and abroad mainly include persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors and antibiotics controlled by international conventions. The production and use of toxic and harmful chemicals are the main sources of new pollutants.

    The reason why new pollutants are called "new" is that on the one hand, they are relative to conventional pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and PM2.5; On the other hand, there are many kinds of new pollutants, and the number of new pollutants that can be identified will continue to increase. At present, there are more than 20 categories of new pollutants of global concern, and each category contains dozens or hundreds of chemicals.

    Jiang Guibin, an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and dean of the School of Resources and Environment of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that "unconscious contact, persistence, and imperceptible harm to human health and environmental systems constitute the common characteristics of new pollutants". With the deepening of understanding and the continuous development of environmental monitoring technology, the types and quantities of new pollutants will continue to change.

    Literature shows that high levels of environmental endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants have been detected in air, water and soil in some areas of China. It is generally believed that new pollutants are gradually becoming a new difficulty that restricts the continuous and in-depth improvement of the environmental quality of the atmosphere, water and soil, and it is also a "hard bone" that ecological environmental protection must tackle after smog and black and smelly water bodies.

    The treatment of new pollutants is not easy.

    At present, China is the largest producer and user of chemical products in the world, and also the main supplier of chemical raw materials, with more than 50,000 kinds of chemical substances in production and use. These chemicals are consumed and used in many industries, and some chemicals are closely related to agricultural production, daily necessities, aerospace products and other important fields.

    Hu Jianxin, a professor at Peking University Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, wrote that China’s annual production of short-chain chlorinated paraffins can reach millions of tons, and chlorpyrifos (note: a pesticide) involves agricultural production and food security. It is difficult to develop their substitutes, and there may be conflicts in availability, performance, cost, environment and safety, so it is difficult to achieve perfection, which brings great challenges to the treatment of new pollutants in the future.

    The treatment of new pollutants mainly involves the chemical industry and its downstream industrial chain. In recent years, China’s industrial technology and management level have greatly improved as a whole, but some enterprises are still at the low end of the industrial chain, and their technical level and management ability are uneven. In cities with rapid industrial development and urbanization, improper waste treatment will lead to organochlorine compounds residues, and industrial activities such as mining and smelting will lead to heavy metal emissions and residues. Frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers in some agricultural areas will cause the emission and residue of organophosphorus compounds.

    The weak foundation of detection is also a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Jiang Guibin found that the key point of new pollutant control is "newness" and the difficulty is "newness". Because it is "new", there are some problems, such as the monitoring method can’t keep up, the pollution base is unclear, the environmental process is unclear, the environmental hazards are not mastered, and the conventional prevention methods don’t work.

    The unclear toxic mechanism of new pollutants and the lack of efficient purification technology also hinder the treatment process of new pollutants. Jiang Guibin suggested that the establishment of "Science and Technology Special Project for New Pollutant Control" should be accelerated, interdisciplinary integration and high-tech application should be promoted, theoretical and technical systems for prevention and control of new pollutants and risk early warning should be developed, and technical support for new pollutant control should be strengthened.

    China is also facing the outstanding problem of coexistence of new pollutants and traditional pollutants.

    There is a clear deployment

    The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the treatment of new pollutants.

    In November 2021, the Opinions of the State Council City, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Fight against Pollution made clear arrangements for the treatment of new pollutants, requiring the formulation and implementation of an action plan for the treatment of new pollutants. Half a year later, in May 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the Action Plan for New Pollutant Control (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). This plan puts forward requirements for the treatment of new pollutants from the aspects of overall requirements, action measures and safeguard measures.

    What are the goals for the treatment of new pollutants?

    The Action Plan requires that by 2025, China will complete the environmental risk screening of high-concern and high-yield chemicals and complete a number of environmental risk assessments of chemicals; Dynamically release the list of new pollutants under key control; Implement environmental risk control measures such as prohibition, restriction and discharge restriction on key new pollutants. The regulatory system and management mechanism for environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals have been gradually established and improved, and the ability to control new pollutants has been significantly enhanced.

    How to deal with new pollutants?

    The Action Plan has made 18 specific arrangements from six aspects: improving laws and regulations, conducting investigation and monitoring, strictly controlling the source, strengthening process control, deepening terminal governance and strengthening capacity building. For example, in terms of improving laws and regulations and establishing a sound new pollutant control system, the Action Plan proposes to improve laws and regulations, establish a sound technical standard system, and establish and improve a new pollutant control management mechanism. It is required to establish an inter-departmental coordination mechanism for new pollutant control led by the ecological environment department, with the participation of development and reform, science and technology, industry and information technology, finance, housing and urban construction, agriculture and rural areas, commerce, health, customs, market supervision, drug supervision and other departments, so as to promote the new pollutant control work as a whole.

    In terms of investigation, monitoring and assessment of environmental risks of new pollutants, the Action Plan proposes specific measures such as establishing an environmental information investigation system for chemical substances, establishing an environmental investigation and monitoring system for new pollutants, establishing an environmental risk assessment system for chemical substances, and dynamically publishing a list of new pollutants under key control. It is explicitly required to formulate "one product, one policy" control measures for chemicals listed in the priority control chemicals list, antibiotics, microplastics and other key new pollutants, carry out technical feasibility and economic and social impact assessment of the control measures, identify the main environmental emission sources of the priority control chemicals, formulate and revise the emission standards of relevant industries in a timely manner, and dynamically update the list of toxic and harmful air pollutants, the list of toxic and harmful water pollutants and the list of toxic and harmful substances in the soil under key control.

    The "Action Plan" proposes to carry out pilot projects for the treatment of new pollutants. It is required to focus on petrochemical, coating, textile printing and dyeing, rubber, pesticide, medicine and other industries in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and around key drinking water sources, key estuaries, key bays, key mariculture areas, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and select a number of key enterprises and industrial parks to carry out pilot projects for the treatment of new pollutants, thus forming a number of demonstration technologies for the green substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals, the reduction of new pollutants and the treatment of new pollutants in sewage sludge, waste liquid and waste residue. Encourage qualified places to formulate incentive policies, promote enterprises to try first and reduce the generation and discharge of new pollutants.

    Overall, the Action Plan has designed a "three-step" governance work path. The first step is "screening", which screens out pollutants with great potential environmental risks and brings them into the scope of giving priority to environmental risk assessment; The second step is "evaluation", aiming at the screened chemical substances, taking the new pollutants with great risks to the environment and health as the key control objects; The third step is "control". For the key control objects determined in the first two steps, comprehensive control measures are implemented in the whole process.

    The Action Plan defines several key time nodes for the treatment of new pollutants.

    For example, in 2022, the first list of new pollutants under key control was released. During the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, special treatment was carried out for a number of key new pollutants. By the end of 2025, a number of high-toxic and high-risk pesticide varieties will be re-evaluated. Local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership over the control of new pollutants, and provincial people’s governments are the main bodies to organize the implementation of this action plan. Before the end of 2022, they should organize the formulation of the work plan for the control of new pollutants in their own regions, refine the objectives and tasks, clarify the division of labor among departments, and do a good job in implementation. All relevant departments in the State Council should strengthen the division of labor and cooperation, jointly do a good job in the treatment of new pollutants, and evaluate the implementation of this action plan in 2025.

    In the year when the Action Plan was published, the work report of the Chinese government proposed to strengthen the management of solid waste and new pollutants, and promote garbage classification, reduction and recycling. The following year, the government work report of our country proposed to strengthen the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants. In this year’s government work report, the relevant statement is to strengthen the treatment of solid waste, new pollutants and plastic pollution.

    At the beginning of this year, Xinhua News Agency published "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Construction of Beautiful China in an All-round Way", which called for strengthening the control of solid waste and new pollutants. Accelerate the construction of a "waste-free city", continue to promote the action of controlling new pollutants, and promote the realization of "waste-free" and environmental health in urban and rural areas. Strengthen the comprehensive management of solid waste, limit excessive packaging of commodities, and control plastic pollution through the whole chain. We will deepen the comprehensive ban on the entry of "foreign garbage" and strictly guard against the smuggling and disguised import of various forms of solid waste. Strengthen the supervision, utilization and disposal capacity of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the pollution control of tailings ponds with emphasis on the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin. Formulate regulations on environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals. By 2027, the proportion of "waste-free cities" will reach 60%, and the intensity of solid waste production will drop significantly; By 2035, the construction of a "waste-free city" will achieve full coverage, and the eastern provinces will take the lead in building a "waste-free city" in the whole region, and the environmental risks of new pollutants will be effectively controlled.

    Also this year, many provinces in China mentioned the treatment of "new pollutants" in their government work reports. It is the common goal of many places to promote the construction of a "waste-free city" and strengthen the treatment of new pollutants.

    Strengthen collaborative governance

    The characteristics of new pollutants determine that coordinated treatment is needed.

    The environmental risk of new pollutants is an environmental problem faced by all countries in the world.

    DDT mentioned in Silent Spring is one of the chemicals with typical new pollutant characteristics. Its harm spans half a century and spreads to every corner of the world, and it is impossible to control it by one country alone. Professor Hu Jianxin pointed out: "The treatment of some new pollutants requires global action. In addition to being persistent, bioaccumulative, carcinogenic and teratogenic, some new pollutants also have the potential of long-distance migration, which can migrate across international boundaries with air, water or migratory species and be deposited in areas far away from their discharge points, causing worldwide environmental pollution problems. "

    In terms of new pollutant treatment, China has an inter-departmental coordination mechanism.

    Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the important task of "developing new pollution control". Shortly after the closing of the 20th National Congress, on November 4th, 2022, the first meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group for New Pollutant Control was held in Beijing. The leader of the coordination group is Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment. In addition to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the members of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group include the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Health and Wellness Commission, the General Administration of Customs, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other departments.

    On February 2, 2024, the second meeting of the group was held. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to give full play to the role of the new pollutant control promotion mechanism, strengthen cross-departmental joint actions, increase guidance and assistance to local counterpart departments and enterprises, strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and track down the effectiveness, and systematically promote the key tasks of new pollutant control to make breakthroughs. In addition, it is mentioned that it is necessary to speed up the legislation on the control of new pollutants, promote the implementation of major scientific and technological special projects, plan and lay out a number of major projects, strengthen fiscal, taxation, finance, price and other policy support, and lay a good combination of the rule of law, science and technology and policy.

    In addition to inter-ministerial coordination, there is also inter-provincial cooperation.

    For example, Sichuan and Chongqing have jointly promoted the treatment of new pollutants. On March 14th this year, the first joint meeting of new pollutant control in Sichuan and Chongqing was held in Chongqing. The meeting reported the development of new pollutant control work in 2023 and the work plan for 2024 in the two places. The meeting proposed to carry out joint investigation and monitoring of new pollutants in Sichuan and Chongqing, focus on finding out the current situation of new pollutants such as antibiotics and perfluorochemicals, jointly promote the risk assessment of chemical substances in Chengdu and Chongqing, and provide a basis for issuing a supplementary list of key new pollutants in Chengdu and Chongqing.

    Some provinces are carrying out pilot work.

    For example, Jiangsu is a pilot province for environmental monitoring of new pollutants. The province monitors pollution points in water sources and air in two pilot industrial development zones. Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces carried out pilot investigation, monitoring and evaluation of new pollutants in key industries. Anhui province has focused on the whole process monitoring and environmental information investigation, conducted law enforcement inspection on the production, processing and use of new chemical substances, and carried out pilot investigations on basic environmental information of chemical substances. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has launched a pilot project of investigation and risk assessment of new pollutants in the Yellow River Basin and "one lake and two seas" in the whole region, and carried out non-targeted screening and quantitative monitoring of new pollutants. Shaanxi Province launched a pilot project of compensation for ecological and environmental damage involving new pollutants, which provided guarantee for promoting clean production and green manufacturing.

    At present, various localities have carried out pilot projects in key industries, key fields, key river basins, process monitoring and result guarantee, forming a multi-level and multi-dimensional pilot network. These pilot projects are part of the work of controlling new pollutants. Some places also focus on improving legal protection, issuing regulations on the prevention and control of soil pollution, and clearly implementing and strengthening the control of new pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants.

    According to the plan, in 2025, Jiangsu will initially establish a new pollutant environmental investigation and monitoring system, Shandong will initially establish a new pollutant control system, and Liaoning’s new pollutant control capacity will be significantly enhanced …

    Time is tight and the task is heavy. (Chen Zhenkai, Li Xinran)

Editor’s Note: Medical troubles, school troubles, house troubles and car troubles … … Everything must be "noisy". Some people have no way to defend their rights and have to make trouble, while others are malicious and profit from "noisy". "CCTV Online Review" specially launched a series of observations and comments on "What’s the trouble?", which provided a multi-angle and all-round perspective of this public psychological and social phenomenon.

Today is the first article.

　The traditional Chinese character for "Nao" is Nao, and the word "Dou" is framed with a "city" in it. As the name implies, breaking the rules in public.

Because of a house purchase dispute, I sat down on a sand table worth tens of thousands of dollars, put the mourning hall in a hospital and carried the coffin to a school, and made a scene in the street without going through legal procedures in case of an accident … … From "medical quarrels" and "school quarrels" to "house quarrels" and "car quarrels", it has become a relatively common social phenomenon. Although it is repugnant to most people, it has been tried and repeated.

Some people joked that "distribution according to noise" has become a new distribution method. But this is by no means a characteristic of China, nor is it the so-called national inferiority.The impulse of people to fight for their own interests is written in their genes, and it is a simple truth that there is sugar to eat at the end and milk for crying children.

The problem lies in why and how to make trouble. The rapid economic and social development in China has produced many new conflicts and contradictions, such as land expropriation, house demolition, labor relations, contract disputes, poverty relief, ethnic disputes and so on. Some ordinary people put down their dignity and decency and took to the streets to make a big fuss, simply because their legitimate rights and interests were not guaranteed and they had no choice but to complain. The female owner of Mercedes-Benz, who caused widespread public discussion before, is a typical "troublemaker" who was forced out by ineffective rights protection.

There are still some people who are really unreasonable. The "noisy" culture even gave birth to a group of professional troublemakers, mostly composed of social idlers. Under the guise of safeguarding rights, they used banners, slogans, leaflets, sit-ins and even rolling around to put pressure on functional departments and make profits by "noisy". Under the pressure of maintaining stability and public opinion, many parties will choose to compromise and tend to "spend money to buy peace."

In short, whatever is reasonable or unreasonable, as long as things that can’t be done are provoked, they are often done, taken seriously, or even beyond the reasonable scope. This sends a signal of governance: "make a small fuss and solve it, make a big fuss and solve it, and don’t make trouble and don’t solve it." Even if it is not affordable, it will be solved after the event.

This time and again, the operation of "you retreat from me" and "you are fierce and arrogant" has indeed contributed to the smooth resolution of some cases and made some people succeed in defending their rights. However, the cost is huge, which leads to the inertia of many people, develops the psychology of "making trouble without loss", and intensifies social hostility and distrust between people.

If we make another detailed account,It involves more manpower, material resources and financial resources to make a fuss about something, and pressing the gourd to float the gourd ladle increases the burden on the grassroots for no reason.; "Make trouble and solve it" and solve it well beyond normal, which will not only make fewer people take the normal route, but also punish those who take the normal route in disguise.

To put it further, "distribution according to troubles" runs counter to the modern governance principle of building a society ruled by law. No matter who makes troubles or compromises with troubles, it is inevitable to ignore the rules and despise the law.It is an inefficient governance model that hides the ear and steals the bell.In the long run, laws and regulations will lose their dignity and authority, which is the fundamental guarantee for the healthy operation of society, the healthy development of the country and the people to live and work in peace.

Under the background of China’s striding towards the modernization of the national governance system, we urgently need to get out of this governance cycle, and make the rule of law the fundamental guarantee for maintaining social fairness and justice, so that those who have grievances don’t have to make trouble, so that those bad elements who deliberately make trouble don’t dare to make trouble, so that those cadres who really do things for the people are not afraid to make trouble and shape a clean and upright social ecology.

After the fourth China International Import Expo(CIIE), it rose to become the "vanguard" of general trade. Finding out the password of China’s consumption upgrade also helped domestic products go to sea.
Shanghai "Silk Road E-commerce" has become a new engine of cross-border trade

After each session of China International Import Expo(CIIE), Czech crystal handicrafts of the Sino-Czech Co-promotion Center will be seamlessly connected with the cross-border e-commerce platform, becoming the "same model for entering the Expo" that consumers can buy online at the first time. This year’s hot sale is a hand-carved gold bowl, and the price of 4800 yuan is still difficult to stop consumers from chasing.

Czech crystal attracts imitators. This year, I participated in a French minority skin care product in China International Import Expo(CIIE) for the first time, and immediately entered Qingpu Comprehensive Insurance Zone after the exhibition, which also turned into a cross-border e-commerce product. Once a consumer places an order, the goods can be delivered directly from the warehouse in the comprehensive insurance zone.

Not far from Wan Li, they came to Shanghai and became participants in the Silk Road E-commerce. China’s accession to the WTO for 20 years has activated the world economy. Now China focuses on promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce in countries and regions along the "Belt and Road" and once again injects new impetus into global trade facilitation.

It is understood that China’s cross-border e-commerce was launched in 2013. In recent years, with China’s continuous expansion and opening-up, China’s market consumption has been escalating, and more and more "Belt and Road" featured minority products have been tried out in China through cross-border e-commerce channels, and many of them have gone through the upgrade path from "trying new products" to "exploding models" and then to "big trade goods". "Silk Road E-commerce" has become the vanguard of general trade by exploring the password of China’s consumption upgrade.

China International Import Expo(CIIE) was on fire.

The Sino-Czech Co-promotion Center, which is already a "veteran of the Four Dynasties" in China International Import Expo(CIIE), is a typical "Silk Road E-commerce". In recent years, it has taken more than 70% of China’s imports of crystal handicrafts from the Czech Republic, but its president Zhang Peng knows how to treat them differently-for those mature models, most of them are imported by general trade, while new models with high added value take cross-border e-commerce. "Because it is uncertain in advance whether the new models will be popular in China, cross-border e-commerce has undoubtedly become a fast and economical choice."

Zhao Jian, the general manager of Cainiao International Supply Chain, is deeply involved in cross-border e-commerce logistics, and is keen on studying the Silk Road Special Line. Last year, together with airlines, customs and other departments, he tried out the first cross-border direct mail "Xiaozhongxiang" route in Germany, which was filled with perfumed articles that had never entered the China market but had a good reputation in Europe. During the "Shuang Dan" last year, it was able to be delivered directly from Europe to China every day.

In Zhao Jian’s eyes, cross-border e-commerce has many benefits. "It’s like shopping abroad, and its taxation and entry requirements are naturally different from those of general trade imports. At the end of 2018, six ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs, jointly issued a document to supervise cross-border e-commerce retail imports according to personal use, not to implement the requirements for approval, registration or filing of the first import license of the relevant goods, and to be exempted from customs duties. Only 9.1% of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive tax is levied, that is, 13% of value-added tax is 30% off. Many consumers fancy that cross-border e-commerce has a real customs declaration form, which is more reliable than the’ purchasing’ that is difficult to distinguish between true and false, and commodity prices are also competitive because of preferential tax rates. "

However, according to Lao Yuling, director of the E-commerce Research Center of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, the "Silk Road E-commerce" really became popular after it was held in China International Import Expo(CIIE). "China International Import Expo(CIIE) has ignited consumers’ new ideas, and they are eager to see’ entering Bo with the same paragraph’ on the cross-border e-commerce platform. As a result, Malaysian health products, Polish goat milk masks, Angolan beer and chocolate-flavored coffee all appeared in China International Import Expo(CIIE) and quickly launched cross-border e-commerce platforms. " According to Shanghai Customs data, in the first three quarters of 2019 after the first China International Import Expo(CIIE), the import volume of cross-border e-commerce online shopping bonded trade in Shanghai increased by 40.3%.

Stimulate Shanghai’s institutional innovation.

According to the figures published in China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2021, in the past five years, the scale of cross-border e-commerce in China has increased nearly tenfold, and the import and export volume last year has reached 1.69 trillion yuan. As one of the first pilot cities of cross-border e-commerce in China in 2013, Shanghai has always played the role of a leader. In the first half of this year, the transaction scale showed double-digit growth continuously, ranking first in the country. The RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement), which will come into effect in January next year, will stimulate the re-innovation of the Shanghai system. Under the framework of RCEP, the number of products with zero tariff in goods trade will reach 90%, which will greatly stimulate the development of cross-border e-commerce among RCEP member countries.

To be a big "silk road e-commerce", the speed must be fast. Shanghai is already in action. For example, a Japanese direct purchase import order has been able to place an order today and receive the goods the next day. It is reported that at present, Shanghai has established a rapid customs clearance mechanism for cross-border e-commerce. The longest time from the arrival of goods at customs supervision sites to customs clearance is no more than 24 hours, and a large number of low-risk declared goods can even be released in seconds.

In addition to quick release, there is also the convenience of collecting taxes. In order to support the development of "Silk Road E-commerce", Shanghai Customs has launched a customs clearance mode of "list approval and centralized tax payment", and e-commerce enterprises can apply for a summary payment form from the customs within 31 days to 45 days from the date of cross-border parcel release. This has greatly facilitated enterprises, and a large number of e-commerce companies have set the import port of cross-border direct purchase business in Shanghai, and also set the cross-border purchase "flow test" at double 11, Double 12 and Black 5 consumer carnival points at the Shanghai port.

Cross-border supply chain is strong

"Silk Road E-commerce" is a two-way trade. On the one hand, foreign brands explore the China market, and on the other hand, domestic products go to sea. The data shows that in the total scale of cross-border e-commerce transactions in China last year, the export volume was three times that of imports.

Foreigners’ enthusiasm for China goods is related to the overseas promotion efforts of "Silk Road E-commerce" such as Tmall International, Koala Haibao and AliExpress in recent two years. For example, AliExpress, the number of overseas users who participated in the "double 11" chop has surged this year, among which Brazilian users are the most enthusiastic, exceeding the turnover of one hour last year in just 15 minutes.

Last month, in Tik Tok’s international Tik Tok, Russian online celebrity Regsem, with 4 million fans, excitedly exposed the Bluetooth speaker from China that she received in just 10 days. Behind this consumption experience beyond foreigners’ expectations is the cost reduction and speed-up brought by the accelerated overseas distribution of cross-border logistics from China.

It is reported that in recent years, express delivery companies such as Zhongtong, Yuantong and Yunda, as well as cross-border supply chain solution providers such as rookie and Newegg, have seized positions along the "Belt and Road".

According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, there are nearly 2,000 overseas warehouses of cross-border e-commerce in China, covering an area of 12 million square meters. For example, Zhongtong has built 40 overseas warehouses and 17 cross-border advantage lines, achieving global business. The cross-border logistics of the AliExpress platform is guaranteed by the rookie. At present, European consumers can buy a Chinese-made thermos cup on AliExpress, and they can choose the service of "5 dollars for 10 days". Such freight and timeliness are even cheaper and faster than those in Europe and America.

It is reported that China has established bilateral e-commerce cooperation mechanisms with 22 countries on five continents, and "Silk Road E-commerce" is becoming a new engine of international economic and trade cooperation in the construction of the "Belt and Road". In this process, the efficiency and cost advantages of China’s cross-border supply chain are highlighted, and the gap between China logistics companies and the three giants of international express delivery is also expected to be rapidly narrowed by the construction of "Silk Road E-commerce". (Reporter Li Ye)

　

　　In modern society, the protection of privacy and personal information is highly valued by all countries. In order to better protect the personality rights of the broad masses of people, in view of various outstanding problems in the field of privacy and personal information in practice, China’s Civil Code has made special provisions on privacy and personal information protection on the basis of existing legal provisions. In Chapter 6 "Privacy and Protection of Personal Information" of the Personal Rights of the Civil Code, not only the basic concepts of privacy, personal information and the handling of personal information are clearly defined, but also the types of behaviors that infringe on privacy that are prohibited, the principles that should be followed in handling personal information, the elements of legality and the rational use of personal information are clearly defined, and the relationship between privacy and protection of personal information is also stipulated. In understanding and applying the provisions on privacy and personal information protection in the Civil Code, there are three issues that need attention.

　　First, the right to privacy and the meaning of privacy

　　The so-called right to privacy refers to the right that a natural person enjoys without infringement on his privacy, which is a specific personality right. The first paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code stipulates: "Natural persons have the right to privacy. No organization or individual may infringe upon the privacy rights of others by spying, harassing, revealing or making public. " The right to privacy protects the privacy of natural persons. From the word privacy itself, we can see that there are two characteristics: one is "hidden", that is, it is not public. If it has been publicly or legally disclosed by natural persons, it is not privacy; The second is "private", that is, private matters, which have nothing to do with the rights and interests of others and public interests. It is from these two aspects that the second paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code defines privacy as: "The private life of a natural person is peaceful and the private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know." This shows that:

　　1. Privacy is only owned by natural persons. Because the protection of privacy is closely related to the spiritual interests of natural persons, it is fundamentally to safeguard personal freedom and protect personal dignity. In other words, only natural persons can enjoy the spiritual interests that need legal protection for privacy. As for legal persons and unincorporated organizations, there is no privacy problem. Legal persons and unincorporated organizations also have activities and information that they don’t want to be known to others, and there is also a need for the order of work activities not to be disturbed and destroyed, but these are either state secrets, business secrets, or the order of production and operation or public activities.

　　2. Privacy in China’s law is divided into: private life is peaceful and private space, private activities and private information that others don’t want to know. (1) Peace in private life can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, peace in private life can actually cover private space, private activities and private information. Because the second paragraph of Article 1032 of the Civil Code defines privacy, it juxtaposes private life peace with private space, so the private life peace in this paragraph refers to the narrow sense of private life peace, that is, the state that the personal life of a natural person is not illegally invaded by others. (2) Private space, private activities and private information that others do not want to know. It should be said that there is overlapping among the three. Because private space often carries out private activities or stores private information, such as husband and wife’s sexual life in the house, personal diaries stored in personal laptops or software programs. But it doesn’t completely overlap, because there are also private activities and private information in the public space. For example, in the lobby of a restaurant, two friends are chatting while eating, which is also a private activity and cannot be eavesdropped by others or made public. Private space is opposite to public space. Item 2 of Article 1033 of the Civil Code lists private spaces such as "houses and hotel rooms", but it is not limited to this. Private spaces also exist in public places such as restaurants, parks, banks and stations. In addition, private space includes not only physical space, but also intangible space, such as e-mail, WeChat group, nail group, etc., and also belongs to private space. Private activities refer to activities that natural people don’t want to be known to others.Such as the dinner of relatives and friends, the conversation between friends, etc.

　　Private information is also called private information. China’s civil code does not divide sensitive information and non-sensitive information, but divides personal information into private information and non-private information. As for the identification of private information, it should be said that some of them are uncontroversial, such as personal health information, criminal record, property status, sexual orientation, etc., and definitely belong to private information. However, the name, appearance, gender, etc. of a natural person are not private information, because these information, especially names, are originally used for social communication and cannot be used as private information. Whether some personal information belongs to private information is controversial, such as personal online reading records, web browsing information, etc. Because our country adopts different protection methods for private information and non-private information in law, it is very important to distinguish them in judicial practice in the future. The author thinks that the obligee should not unilaterally decide whether a certain information belongs to private information, that is, it should not define private information from the obligee’s subjective understanding, but should first judge it according to the provisions of laws and regulations. If there is no provision, it should consider the following two factors comprehensively: (1) The more important the information is to safeguard the personal and property rights, personal dignity and personal freedom of natural persons, the more important it is. (2) How important is the information to maintain normal social communication and information freedom? The more important it is, the less it belongs to private information.

　　Second, the nature of personal information rights and interests

　　In order to coordinate the relationship between the protection of personal information of natural persons and the free flow and utilization of information, China’s Civil Code does not stipulate the right to personal information, but uses the expression of "personal information protection". Nevertheless, from the relevant provisions of the civil code on the protection of personal information, we can know that: first of all, natural persons enjoy civil rights rather than public rights for personal information. The core feature of personal information is identification, that is, only information that can identify a specific natural person belongs to personal information. This feature determines that the protection of personal information is not an end in itself, but a risk of infringement on the personal property rights and interests of natural persons, even personal dignity and personal freedom caused by the processing of personal information. Therefore, from the perspective of the natural person as the subject of personal information, its main interest is a defensive interest, that is, the interest that the natural person enjoys for personal information to prevent personal property rights and interests from being infringed or even personal dignity and personal freedom from being infringed or damaged due to the illegal handling of personal information. Although it is necessary to coordinate various interests in the protection of personal information, including the protection of natural person’s rights and interests, the maintenance of reasonable freedom of behavior and public interests, the confirmation of natural person’s personal information rights and interests cannot be opposed to the coordination of various interests around personal information. The legal confirmation and protection of the personal information rights and interests of natural persons is itself the definition of the freedom or interest boundaries of other subjects around personal information.

　　Secondly, the rights and interests of personal information protect the personality interests of natural persons. Although the Civil Code does not stipulate the right to personal information, the second paragraph of Article 990 of the Civil Code stipulates: "In addition to the personality right stipulated in the preceding paragraph, natural persons enjoy other personality rights based on personal freedom and personal dignity." Therefore, the personal information rights and interests of natural persons can be classified as other personal rights and interests of natural persons based on personal freedom and personal dignity. Articles 1037 and 1029 of the Civil Code stipulate the specific content of personal information rights and interests.

　　Thirdly, the rights and interests of personal information can protect the spiritual and economic interests of natural persons. China’s civil legislation and judicial practice always adhere to the unitary protection mode of personality right, that is, the protection of spiritual interests and economic interests is realized simultaneously through the personality right system. On the one hand, if property losses are caused by infringement of personal information rights and interests, the infringer may, according to Article 182 of the Civil Code, require the infringer to compensate according to the losses of the infringer or the profits of the infringer; If it is difficult to determine the loss and profit, the people’s court shall determine the amount of compensation according to the actual situation. On the other hand, if the infringement of personal information rights and interests causes serious mental damage, the infringed person has the right to request compensation for mental damage according to the first paragraph of Article 183 of the Civil Code. Therefore, there is no need to create a separate property right of personal information to protect the economic interests of natural persons on personal information.

　　Third, the difference between privacy and personal information rights and interests

　　Privacy and personal information rights and interests are two different personality rights and interests stipulated in China’s civil code, both of which can only be enjoyed by natural persons. The close relationship between the two shows that private information belongs to both privacy and personal information, and the legal provisions on the protection of personal information can be applied. Therefore, the second paragraph of Article 1034 of the Civil Code stipulates: "Private information in personal information shall be subject to the provisions on privacy; If there is no provision, the provisions on the protection of personal information shall apply. " However, there are obvious differences between privacy and personal information protection.

　　1. The strength of legal protection varies with the nature of rights and interests. As a specific personality right, privacy right belongs to absolute right and domination right in nature, and has the effect on the world. Any organization or individual must respect the right to privacy and shall not infringe upon or hinder it. Personal information rights and interests are not specific personality rights, let alone absolute rights and control rights, but only personality interests protected by law. This difference in nature determines that there are the following differences in the intensity and density of protection: (1) Whether the prohibition system of personality right protection is applicable is different. When the right of privacy is infringed, the obligee can apply the prohibition system of personality right stipulated in Article 997 of the Civil Code. However, when personal information is infringed, it cannot be applied. (2) Whether the fair use system is applicable is different. Although there are restrictions on the right to privacy, there is no reasonable use of the right to privacy. Because the right to privacy is very important to the personal dignity of natural persons. The protection of personal information must coordinate the relationship between the protection of natural person’s rights and interests and the free and reasonable use of information. Therefore, according to Article 999 of the Civil Code, those who conduct news reporting and supervision by public opinion for the public interest can use personal information reasonably. At the same time, Article 1036 also specifically stipulates the exemption reasons for infringing personal information. None of these provisions apply to the right to privacy. (3) The legal rank of whether exceptions can be stipulated is different. According to Article 1033 of the Civil Code, the exception for infringement of privacy can only be made by "law"; According to the first paragraph of Article 1035, "laws and administrative regulations"You can make other provisions on whether it is necessary to obtain the consent of a natural person or his guardian to handle personal information.

　　2. Whether it can be used by others is different in commercial utilization. Privacy holders can dispose of their rights by themselves, such as disclosing their private information on the Internet or to the media, but privacy cannot be licensed to others. Because the right to privacy is mainly a passive defense function, it does not have the power to actively use it. Permission to use privacy will violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations or the consequences of public order and good customs. Personal information can be used by others.

　　3. The rules for handling personal information are different. According to the fifth item of Article 1033 of the Civil Code, dealing with other people’s private information is either with the "explicit consent" of the privacy holder or according to the law, otherwise, any organization or individual’s behavior of dealing with other people’s private information constitutes an infringement of privacy. However, according to Article 1035 of the Civil Code, personal information dealing with non-confidential information is either in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations or with the "consent" of the natural person or his guardian. It can be seen that there are two differences in the rules for handling private information and non-private personal information in the Civil Code: First, the consent of the obligee must be obtained for handling private information, while the consent of the natural person or his guardian can be obtained for handling non-private personal information. In other words, the guardian can’t agree with others to handle the private information of the ward without authorization. This is because privacy is more significant to the obligee. Secondly, it is necessary to obtain the "explicit consent" of the obligee when dealing with private information, while it is necessary to obtain the consent of the natural person or his guardian when dealing with non-private personal information. Explicit consent means that the natural person should not only express his consent in accordance with the law, but also express his intention to deal with the private information separately. Consent is not required to be a separate consent, nor is it required to be made only for the specific personal information being processed, but it can be a general consent.

　　(The author is a professor at Tsinghua University Law School)