Cctv news: "Balance the relationship between steady growth and risk prevention. We are confident and capable of winning the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks. " On July 4th, the State Council held a press conference on the effectiveness of measures to promote the structural reform of the financial supply side. The relevant person in charge of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission said that since the beginning of this year, China’s banking and insurance industry has continuously promoted the structural reform of the financial supply side, and the quality effect of financial services to the real economy has been continuously improved.
That night, "News Network" broadcast the relevant content. In fact, the conference also said a lot about preventing and defusing financial risks, especially what measures China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has used and what results have been achieved in the past two years.
Positive progress has been made in preventing and resolving financial risks.
Liang Zhou, Vice Chairman of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China, said that China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission dares to fight, take responsibility and confront difficulties, resolutely rectify market chaos and increase penalties. Over the past two years, more than 6 billion yuan has been confiscated, exceeding the total punishment in the previous ten years, and more than 8,000 people have been punished for violating the rules, which has formed a powerful shock.
Punishment is a means, not an end. The purpose is to force banks and insurance institutions to implement their main responsibilities through supervision and responsibility, maintain market order, protect the fundamental interests of the people, and firmly hold the bottom line that systemic financial risks do not occur.
With the efforts of all parties, the risks of high-risk institutions have been gradually resolved, and major cases of illegal fund-raising are being disposed of in an orderly manner. The effect of risk reduction in peer-to-peer lending is quite obvious.
The number of online lending institutions decreased by 57% compared with the beginning of 2018.
Unswervingly dismantle the high-risk shadow banks, and over the past two years, we have greatly reduced the high-risk financial assets with layers of nesting, complex structure and self-circulation by 13.74 trillion yuan, effectively curbing the financial reality.
At the same time, vigorously eradicate the soil of credit risk. In the past two years, the cumulative disposal of non-performing loans has exceeded 4 trillion yuan. At present, the non-performing loan ratio of the banking industry has stabilized at around 2%, and the provision coverage ratio has exceeded 175%. The main regulatory indicators such as the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks and the comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio of insurance companies are at a good level.
Liang Zhou pointed out that "ammunition" to resist risks is sufficient. Financial risks have gradually turned from divergence to convergence, which is generally controllable.
Liang Zhou also said that he was clearly aware that there were still many gaps and deficiencies in the banking and insurance industry. If you want to understand and say it clearly, you must finally implement it. In the next step, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will continue to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, focus on enhancing the ability of financial services to the real economy, deepen financial reform and opening up, and balance the relationship between steady growth and risk prevention.
"We are confident and capable of winning the tough battle to prevent and resolve financial risks, promoting the continuous development of the banking and insurance industry to high quality, and providing stronger financial support for building a well-off society in an all-round way." Liang Zhou said firmly.
Cure chaos, make up shortcomings, maintain high-pressure situation, and rectify according to laws and regulations.
Liang Tao, Vice Chairman of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China, made supplementary remarks on the work of dealing with chaos and making up shortcomings in the insurance industry. He said that in recent years, due to various reasons, China’s insurance institutions have experienced a rapid development stage, and there have also been blind expansion and chaos. Chaos is mainly manifested in weak corporate governance, illegal use of funds, improper product innovation, misleading sales, untrue financial business data and so on.
After the Party Committee of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission was formally established, in May 2018, a meeting was held to promote the work of deepening the rectification of chaos in the banking and insurance markets. Require a comprehensive self-examination, leaving no dead ends. Deploy all insurance institutions to focus on the rectification of market chaos, check their own problems and make serious rectification.
The regulatory authorities also focused on key points and carried out regulatory inspections in a solid manner. In 2018, the regulatory authorities conducted 1,466 inspections of insurance institutions, with a total investment of 9,793 person-times. This year, the regulatory authorities at all levels continue to pay attention to the outstanding risks and problems in the insurance industry, and are now entering the market one after another to carry out inspections, which mainly cover corporate governance, solvency, capital utilization, auto insurance, agricultural insurance, short-term health insurance and so on.
Through strict punishment according to the law and regulations, we will maintain a high-pressure situation. In particular, the double penalty system has been implemented, and the punishment for senior executives has been strengthened. Various punishment measures have been taken comprehensively, such as limiting the business scope, ordering to stop accepting new business, revoking business licenses, revoking qualifications, and prohibiting entry into the insurance industry, so as to effectively increase the cost of violating laws and regulations, making institutions afraid, unable and unwilling to violate regulations.
Through continuous rectification, obvious results have been achieved, and the chaos in the insurance market has been corrected to a great extent.
Powerful shock the illegal subject. From January to May this year, 277 insurance institutions were punished, and institutions were fined more than 44 million yuan, ordered to stop accepting new business for 15 times, and their business licenses were revoked for 2 times. 416 responsible persons were punished, individuals were fined nearly 16 million yuan, and 18 people were disqualified.
The shortcomings of the system have been effectively compensated. Since 2018, more than 20 regulations and normative documents have been revised. Some problems such as lag, absence, overlapping and conflict have been effectively solved, and the institutional systems in key areas such as corporate governance, capital utilization, product management, consumer rights protection and self-construction of regulatory capacity have been further improved and perfected.
There are major risks in institutions, and the failure of corporate governance is an important reason.
Corporate governance is the "bull’s nose" for banks and insurance institutions to prevent risks and develop steadily. Many institutions have major risks, and the failure of corporate governance is an important reason. Some reporters have raised relevant questions.
In response to a question, Liang Tao said that some time ago, some cases occurred in the financial field, reflecting some outstanding problems in corporate governance of some operating institutions, mainly manifested in opaque and irregular equity relations, such as the problem of holding shares on behalf of others; There is also extensive management of related party transactions, and there is a problem of interest transfer; The development strategy blindly pursues extensive expansion, and the internal control does not match the development speed. In some institutions, the equity management is chaotic, the governance mechanism is ineffective, the "three meetings and one layer" is ineffective, and risks are accumulating.
China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission attaches great importance to corporate governance. Since the establishment of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in late March 2018, a symposium on corporate governance of small and medium-sized banks and insurance institutions was held in April to improve the corporate governance mechanism, organize research and deployment of banking and insurance industries.
After the promulgation of the "three-set plan", the corporate governance supervision department was set up to co-ordinate the corporate governance supervision of banks and insurance industries. By filling the shortcomings of the system, strengthening inspection and evaluation, and strengthening accountability, we will continue to promote the banking and insurance industries to improve the compliance and effectiveness of corporate governance. In the practice of supervision, we will implement differentiated supervision for different institutions according to specific conditions.
For large state-owned banks and insurance companies, we should improve the contents, rules and procedures of "three majors and one big" decision-making. For small and medium-sized commercial banks and insurance companies, we will focus on rectifying the chaos of shareholders’ equity and management transactions, and severely crack down on violations of shareholders’ equity and the transfer of benefits through illegal related party transactions.
In the next step, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission will focus on improving the effectiveness of corporate governance of banking and insurance institutions, and continue to strengthen corporate governance supervision. First, make up for the shortcomings of corporate governance supervision system, improve the supervision system of corporate governance in banking and insurance industry, and fill the shortcomings in corporate governance mechanism, equity management and transaction management. The second is to evaluate the corporate governance of banking and insurance institutions, and rectify and implement the problems found. The third is to promote the construction of information system of corporate governance supervision, and improve the information level and scientific level of corporate governance supervision.
After low interest rate funds are lent to enterprises, the relevant funds are used for arbitrage.
In the first five months of this year, the average interest rate of new loans for inclusive small and micro enterprises issued by five large commercial banks was 4.79%, which was 0.65 percentage points lower than the average level of last year. Some people worry that the interest rate is too low and will not be sustainable in the future. Yang Liping, chief procurator of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China, answered this question by herself when answering a reporter’s question. She said that it can be analyzed from the following aspects:
From the positioning point of view, large banks issue loans to small and micro enterprises, and the positioning is to protect capital and make small profits. By strengthening cost accounting, improving risk control and constantly improving products and services, banks position micro-financial services as protecting capital and making small profits.
Second, the state has given preferential policies for loans to small and micro enterprises. For example, the People’s Bank of China implemented the targeted cuts to required reserve ratios in inclusive finance to create targeted medium-term lending facilities, and the finance and taxation departments also have relevant policies, all of which are required to be reflected in the loan pricing of small and micro enterprises.
Third, through big data and cloud computing, large banks can identify risks more accurately and reduce excessive dependence on mortgage guarantees, thus reducing their own capital costs, operating costs and risk costs.
Finally, she added that the relevant departments also noticed that there were very few cases in the supervision practice. After individual banks lent low-interest funds to enterprises, the relevant funds were used for arbitrage and bought wealth management products. In this regard, banks are also required to strengthen the management of loan flow, so that low-cost funds will not be misappropriated and better serve small and micro enterprises.
In the next step, we will continue to promote services related to small and micro enterprises, including formulating an evaluation system and conducting unannounced visits to enterprises. We will conduct unannounced visits to enterprises in July, August and September this year.
