分类： cc

Original rehabilitation magazine

There are hundreds of millions of microorganisms living in our mouth, with nearly 800 species, which together constitute the oral microflora. Like the intestinal flora, the oral microflora is also very diverse. Most of them are resident bacteria that coexist with human beings for a long time. They are generally harmless and even beneficial to human bodies, and they are "good friends" of our bodies. Under normal circumstances, the resident microorganisms in the oral cavity form a stable ecological balance, and once the ecological balance is broken, "good friends" will also become "bad molecules", which will spread to other parts of the body through blood, digestion and breathing, causing or aggravating various serious diseases.

The first type: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The oral cavity is connected with the outside world, which is the gateway for all kinds of microorganisms to enter the body. Streptococcus mutans in oral cavity and Porphyromonas gingivalis are the "culprits" of dental caries and periodontal disease respectively. Periodontal disease not only leads to tooth loosening and falling off, but also is closely related to life-threatening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Scientists have detected common microorganisms in the oral cavity in atherosclerotic plaques of such patients, among which Porphyromonas gingivalis has the largest number, and the more serious periodontal disease is, the larger the plaque area is.

Periodontal bacteria and their harmful metabolites can enter the blood through the broken gums, causing damage to blood vessels, aggravating atherosclerosis and further increasing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Studies have confirmed that the symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have also been alleviated after periodontal treatment.

The second type: diabetes

There is a strong two-way relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease. The increase of inflammatory factors in patients with severe periodontitis interferes with the role of insulin as a "porter" of blood sugar, leading to excess sugar in the blood and causing blood sugar fluctuation, so the risk of developing diabetes in patients with periodontitis is 2~3 times that of normal people.

However, diabetic patients often have dry mouth, and their oral self-cleaning ability decreases, making it easier for germs to breed and multiply; At the same time, the resistance and healing power of gums are weak, and the rising blood sugar will provide more "nutrients" for oral bacteria, which will lead to more serious inflammation. This interaction has formed a vicious circle. Studies have pointed out that perfect periodontal treatment can reduce glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose and improve patients’ systemic symptoms.

The third kind: autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are a kind of diseases that attack human tissues or organs due to abnormal immune system. They are all serious chronic diseases. Inflammation is the common feature of these diseases, and infection caused by oral pathogenic microorganisms is one of the important causes of autoimmune diseases. For example, Porphyromonas gingivalis is related to the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Candida albicans is closely related to Sjogren’s syndrome.

Imagine that if the "bad molecules" in the mouth are very active, the immune system will always be in a state of "high alert", and inflammation in the body will persist, which will lead to systemic symptoms in the long run. If you have a related disease, but the condition is not controlled as expected, you may have to pay attention to whether the flora in your mouth is disordered.

The fourth kind: digestive system diseases.

The oral cavity is the initial part of the digestive tract, and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the oral cavity is also related to the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. Oral cavity may become the repository of Hp, increasing the risk of infection, and then causing gastritis, gastric ulcer and other diseases; Hp was also found to be related to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Fifth: Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s disease, commonly known as "Alzheimer’s disease". With the decline of immunity, the decrease of saliva and the need to wear dentures in the elderly, the oral microecology is prone to disorder, which is characterized by the increase of periodontal bacteria and the higher number of fungi than young people.

Periodontal pathogens and their toxic products can invade the brain through blood circulation and neural pathways, colonize in the brain, release toxic substances to cause neuronal apoptosis, and accelerate the progress of Alzheimer’s disease; Fungal infection can not only cause oral mucosal lesions, but also destroy the blood-brain barrier of the elderly and damage the central nervous system. In addition, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, which are common in oral cavity, have also been found to be related to cognitive and memory disorders.

Sixth: respiratory diseases

As the front entrance of respiratory tract, the microbial status of oral cavity directly affects the health of respiratory system. Bacteria and secretions in the mouth may be inhaled into the respiratory tract, blocking the smaller bronchi and increasing the risk of pneumonia and bronchitis, especially for the elderly and immunocompromised people. Studies have shown that people with poor oral hygiene are about 30% more likely to suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than those with healthy oral hygiene.

Seventh: pregnancy complications

Oral health has an important impact on pregnancy and newborn health. During pregnancy, due to the rapid changes in hormone levels, pregnant women’s gums are more prone to swelling and inflammation, and 60%~70% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from pregnancy gingivitis. Poor oral health may also increase the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia.

At the same time, pregnant women with severe periodontitis, their periodontal pathogens can break through the gums and directly act on the placenta and uterine cavity with blood, stimulating uterine contraction, resulting in premature delivery and low birth weight, which is 7.5 times higher than that of healthy pregnant women, which is greater than the impact of smoking and drinking on the fetus.

Eighth: cancer

Oral microorganisms are closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. At present, it is known that the imbalance of oral flora, candida albicans, human papillomavirus infection and other factors will promote the course of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and many typical oral "bad molecules" will become "accomplices" of cancer, especially digestive system tumors, such as Fossetta and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are related to esophageal cancer. Fusobacterium nucleatum can enhance the viability of cancer cells and can grow in colorectal cancer. If it exists, the survival rate and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients are poor.

Link: Tips for maintaining oral health

Oral cavity is the starting point and gateway of human defense, and it is very important to maintain the ecological balance of oral microflora. Only with a good mouth can you be healthy. Let the "good friends" in the mouth guard the first line of defense of health for us.

1. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush, brush your teeth at least twice a day for 3 minutes each time, and use dental floss and a tooth washer to clean every tooth surface and gap. It is more important to brush your teeth before going to bed at night. Patients with removable dentures, fixed dentures and dental implants need to be cleaned more carefully because dentures are easy to hide evil people and shelter evil people.

2. Pap brushing method is used for permanent teeth, and circular arc method can be used for deciduous teeth. On the basis of children’s insistence on brushing their teeth, parents should also help and supervise their children to brush their teeth.

3. Eat more foods rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, eat less high-sugar foods and rinse your mouth after eating. The mouthwash containing bactericide will lead to microbial imbalance, so it needs to be used according to the doctor’s advice.

4. Avoid smoking and drinking, use less antibiotics, develop good habits of work and rest and defecation, and stay up late less to prevent disturbing the flora.

5. Conduct oral examination once every six months to find and actively treat oral diseases as soon as possible; Wash your teeth regularly and give them a thorough cleaning.

Wen | Xiang Meijuan Attending Physician of Stomatology, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Guiding Expert | Xuan Jing, Chief Physician of Stomatology, Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Editor | Wang Jingming

Figure | pexels

Audit | Ye Haixia

Producer | Li Wenjing

Medical Support | Shanghai Medical Association Science Popularization Branch

Original title: "Bacteria in the mouth are quietly" detonating "these 8 diseases"

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Welcome to car home Baoding Special Promotion Channel, which brings you an exciting news today. We have learned that the high-profileBenteng ponyThe model is carrying out an unprecedented preferential activity in this area. The highest discount rate reached an astonishing 0.5 million yuan, which brought tangible car purchase benefits to consumers. The starting price has been adjusted to an attractive 19,900 yuan. This is an opportunity not to be missed to buy a car. If you are interested in Pentium Pony, please click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to get a higher level of discount!

The exterior design of Pentium Pony is full of dynamic and vitality. The front face adopts a family-style sharp design, and the air intake grille is exquisite and recognizable. With the streamlined body lines, the overall style presents a perfect fusion of fashion and sports. Its unique body shape not only shows a sense of strength, but also reveals the pursuit of future technology, which makes people unforgettable.

Pentium pony shows its unique side charm with its exquisite body proportion. It has a body length of 3000mm, a width of 1510mm and a height of 1630mm, creating a stable body posture. The wheelbase is as long as 1953mm, which makes the front and rear wheel tracks 1290mm, ensuring excellent handling and stability. In tyre size, it uses 145/70 R12 tires, and the front and rear wheels are consistent. With exquisite rim design, it not only enhances the visual effect, but also ensures the comfort and grip during driving. On the whole, the side design of Pentium pony is not only practical, but also reveals a strong sports atmosphere.

The interior design of Pentium pony is simple and practical, paying attention to details. The steering wheel is made of plastic material with good texture, which is comfortable to hold and incorporates humanized design elements. The center console is equipped with an intuitive and easy-to-operate multimedia system, and the USB/Type-C interface is located in the front row, which is convenient for drivers and passengers to charge or connect devices at any time. The seat is made of fabric, which is soft and durable, and provides the functions of front and back adjustment to meet the individual needs of passengers. The rear seats support the proportional tilting, which further enhances the space flexibility and provides convenience for daily travel and loading. The overall interior design gives consideration to comfort and functionality, creating a warm interior environment for drivers and passengers.

Pentium pony is equipped with an engine with relatively stable power performance, with a maximum power of 20 kW and a torque output of 85 Nm. Although the parameters are relatively basic, they are enough to meet the daily driving needs, providing stable power output and good fuel economy.

Generally speaking, car home car owners expressed their unique and appreciative attitude towards the exterior design of Pentium pony. He emphasized the personalized appearance elements of the vehicle, especially the headlights on both sides and the shape of the rear window, which added unique charm to the Pentium pony. Although the appearance may not satisfy everyone’s aesthetics, Pentium pony is undoubtedly a successful attempt for those car owners who seek individuality and recognition. This evaluation undoubtedly provides a reference for those consumers who have a sense of design, making Pentium pony more attractive in the market.

　　Cctv news(News Network): During the rainy season, all parts of the country should seize the opportunity to prepare for the spring ploughing, lay a solid foundation for the bumper harvest of summer grain, and strive to increase the area of spring sowing only.

　　The latest agricultural situation scheduling shows that most of the winter wheat in the northwest and Huanghuaihai wheat areas is in the wintering period, and it is expected to turn green in late February. Hebei, which is located in the Huanghuaihai wheat area, has set up a leading group to promote grain production, and has refined the task of transforming and upgrading the situation of wheat seedlings in the province from township to village to plot.

　　At present, winter wheat in the southwest wheat area has got up and started jointing. Chongqing launched a plan to improve grain yield in a timely manner, organized 19 agricultural technology guidance groups, and carried out the "spring ploughing service for 100 days" action.

　　Winter wheat in Jianghuai wheat area has turned green. Anhui province has advanced the field management in spring this year by one week, focusing on promoting supporting high-yield techniques.

　　From this year, the central government began to implement the assessment of food safety with the same responsibility of the party and government, and refined the assessment indicators such as grain area and yield in the main grain producing areas, production and marketing balance areas and main sales areas. This year, the area of winter wheat in China has stabilized at more than 330 million mu, and the main producing areas are trying their best to increase the yield of wheat per unit area.

　　In order to ensure the supply of primary products, this year, all localities have actually adjusted their structures and expanded the cultivation of soybeans and oilseeds.

　　In the main producing areas in Northeast China, Heilongjiang will expand soybean planting by more than 10 million mu. At present, the soybean planting area has been decomposed into cities, counties and townships.

　　One by one, it has laid a solid foundation for national food security.

Screenshot of official website of Chongqing Economic Information Committee.

In order to promote the steady growth of the automobile industry, the Chongqing Municipal Economic Information Commission and the Municipal Finance Bureau recently jointly issued the Notice on Relevant Matters of Municipal Financial Incentive Funds for Policies and Measures to Promote the Steady Growth of the Automobile Industry in Chongqing, which will reward or subsidize vehicle research and development, bus passenger transport operation, charging infrastructure construction and other aspects, among which the research and development of new cars can receive a maximum reward of 5 million yuan. The application time is before January 31, 2023.

New Energy Passenger Car R&D Award

In 2022, the annual production, sales and cruising range of new energy passenger cars will meet the following requirements: a new model with a guide price of less than (including) 150,000 yuan, with an annual production and sales of 10,000 and 50,000 vehicles and a cruising range of 200 kilometers; For brand-new models with a guide price higher than (excluding) 150,000 yuan and lower than 300,000 yuan (excluding), the annual production and sales volume exceeds 10,000 vehicles and the cruising range reaches 500 kilometers; For brand-new models with a guide price higher than or including 300,000 yuan, the annual production and sales volume exceeds 0.5 million vehicles and the cruising range reaches 600 kilometers.

The city’s new energy vehicle manufacturers can declare and submit the main technical data of the vehicle development process of the new platform model of new energy passenger cars independently developed by the enterprises; Proof that the product is listed in the National Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles; Proof of vehicle output and terminal sales.

Vehicle export R&D reward

In 2022, it won the vehicle certification of the export target country, and the annual export volume of single-model passenger cars reached 1000, and the annual export volume of single-model commercial vehicles reached 500.

Vehicle manufacturing enterprises in the city can declare, and they need to submit vehicle export certification materials; Vehicle certification documents of export target countries.

New energy vehicle announcement detection reward

In 2022, it was tested by the national motor vehicle testing institution in the city and obtained the national road motor vehicle announcement.

The new energy vehicle production enterprises in the city can declare and need to submit a copy of the inspection fee invoice; Copy of test report; Proof that the product is listed in the National Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles.

Public domain, bus passenger transport, urban sanitation vehicles, port operation vehicles operating incentives

In 2022, new energy vehicles produced in the city will be added or updated by vehicle operating enterprises in public areas such as cruise rental, online rental, official travel, driving test (driving training), urban logistics, bus passenger transport, urban sanitation vehicles and port operation vehicles, and the vehicles have been connected to the monitoring platform of new energy vehicles and charging infrastructure in Chongqing.

The city’s new energy vehicle production enterprises shall submit an application for Chongqing’s new energy vehicle operation award on their behalf; A copy of the business license of the vehicle operating enterprise; Copy of terminal invoice, vehicle operation license and motor vehicle driving license (company household); Proof that the product is listed in the National Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles.

Operating reward for changing power station

In 2022, enterprises that have built and put into operation 30 or more public power stations in the whole city, the average monthly power exchange times of a single station will reach 5000 or more.

A power station operation enterprise with independent legal personality can declare, and it is required to submit an application form for Chongqing power station operation award; A copy of the business license of the power station operating enterprise; Proof materials related to the number of power stations built and the number of power exchanges at a single station.

R&D Award for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicles

In 2022, the annual production and sales volume will reach the new models of hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles required by Chongqing Municipality’s Policies and Measures for Promoting the Steady Growth of Automobile Industry: for the new models with medium-sized and above power system power of not less than 70 kW, the annual production and sales volume will reach 30 vehicles and 50 vehicles, respectively, and a one-time R&D reward of 3 million yuan and 5 million yuan will be given, and the annual reward fund of a single enterprise will not exceed 10 million yuan.

The whole vehicle enterprises of hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles in the city can declare and submit the main technical data of the whole vehicle development process of new models of hydrogen fuel cell commercial vehicles; Proof that the product is listed in the National Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles; Proof materials related to vehicle output and terminal sales.

Insurance premium subsidy

In 2022, the new energy cruise taxis added or updated in the central city exceeded the insurance cost of traditional cruise taxis.

The new energy vehicle production enterprises in the city shall submit the application for Chongqing new energy cruise taxi insurance subsidy on their behalf; Copy of the business license of the vehicle operation enterprise, terminal invoice, vehicle operation certificate, motor vehicle driving license (the owner is consistent with the vehicle operation certificate), and copy of the insurance expense invoice; Evidence of the average insurance cost of traditional taxi models of operating units in 2022.

Vehicle sales loan subsidy

During the period from July 28 to December 31, 2022, vehicles sold and licensed in the city, and combined with dealers and financial institutions to give consumers comprehensive promotional offers such as vehicle purchase tax subsidies, traffic insurance gifts, financial interest subsidies, and sold by loans.

Vehicle manufacturing enterprises in the city can declare and submit an application for vehicle sales loan subsidy in Chongqing; Copy of terminal invoice, motor vehicle driving license and vehicle loan contract; Relevant certificates that joint dealers and financial institutions give consumers vehicle purchase tax subsidies, compulsory insurance gifts, financial discount and other comprehensive promotional offers.

In addition, the subsidies for the construction of charging infrastructure and power station replacement shall be implemented in accordance with the Notice on Reporting the Municipal Financial Subsidies for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in 2016-2019 and the Subsidies for the Construction of Charging and Power Replacement Infrastructure in 2021-2022.

It should be noted that eligible applicants should submit relevant materials before January 31, 2023, and will not be accepted after the deadline. The applicant shall submit the paper and electronic documents of the application materials to the government service hall of the Municipal Economic Information Commission before the deadline.

Detailed application information and award information can be found in official website, Chongqing Economic Information Committee, and searched for the Notice on Relevant Matters of Municipal Financial Incentive Funds for Policies and Measures to Promote the Steady Growth of Automobile Industry in Chongqing and the Notice on Printing and Distributing Policies and Measures to Promote the Steady Growth of Automobile Industry in Chongqing.

On May 18th, the 338th press conference on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control was held. Xu Hejian, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Beijing Municipal Committee, said that there are several cluster epidemics in Beijing, and sporadic cases are still found in the society. The situation of prevention and control in the capital is still severe and complicated, and there is no room for hesitation and slack. We must strengthen our confidence, strictly guard against death, quickly and strictly implement various prevention and control deployment requirements, unswervingly push forward the social dynamic clearing action, and resolutely win this epidemic prevention and control annihilation war.

The meeting emphasized that Yuegezhuang wholesale market in Fengtai District is the top priority of the current epidemic situation. It is necessary to quickly carry out the traceability of the flow, dig deep into the risk points and personnel, comprehensively find out the market merchants and employees, as well as the number of people visiting, delivering and purchasing, and control them at the first time. For the promotion and control of Fengtai District, it is not necessary for the whole district to stay out of the district, implement home office, manage and strictly control the real sealed (managed) control area, with sufficient strength and detailed work to prevent the epidemic from spilling over.

The 28th meeting of the 11th the NPC Standing Committee deliberated and passed the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Agricultural Technology Promotion (hereinafter referred to as the Law on Agricultural Technology Promotion), which was adopted on.2013yearonemoononeIt will be implemented on the day. In order to do a good job in the implementation of the agricultural technology popularization law, the following opinions are put forward.

First, improve the national agricultural technology extension institutions

(1) Perfecting the establishment of national agricultural technology extension institutions according to law.According to the needs of agricultural ecological conditions, industrial characteristics, production scale, regional layout and agricultural technology popularization, national agricultural technology popularization institutions at all levels shall be established according to law. Institutions at or above the county level should highlight the technical popularization of key specialties such as animal and plant breeding, crop cultivation, soil improvement and fertilizer application, plant protection, animal husbandry (grassland), aquatic products, animal epidemic prevention, agricultural mechanization, and set them up scientifically. Township-level national agricultural technology extension institutions can be set up according to towns or regions; It can be set by industry (specialty) or comprehensive. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between township-level agricultural technology extension institutions and other agricultural public service institutions, and ensure that technology, talents, facilities and equipment resources can play their greatest role. For institutions at or above the county level mainly engaged in administrative management, law enforcement supervision or technical support business, and at the same time undertaking the functions of agricultural technology popularization in some industries or professions in this region, their technology popularization work should be managed in accordance with the Agricultural Technology Popularization Law.

(2) Clarify the responsibilities of the national agricultural technology extension institutions.According to the division of functions, the public welfare responsibilities stipulated in Article 11 of the Agricultural Technology Extension Law will be refined and decomposed and implemented in each national agricultural technology extension institution. While performing public welfare duties, national agro-technical popularization institutions should participate in the formulation and implementation of agro-technical popularization plans at the corresponding level, implement agro-technical popularization plans and projects according to the deployment of local governments, agricultural departments and higher-level agro-technical popularization institutions, organize agro-technical popularization, coordinate and guide the extension service activities of other agro-technical popularization organizations, and effectively play a leading role in agro-technical popularization. Agricultural technology popularization institutions at or above the county level should organize and guide the work of agricultural technology popularization in this region, and organize the introduction, integration, test and demonstration of major agricultural technologies across regions; Township agricultural technology extension institutions should publicize and implement agricultural laws and regulations and policies of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers in accordance with the relevant arrangements at higher levels, enter villages and households to carry out technology extension services, and guide and support village-level agricultural technology service stations and farmers’ technicians to carry out agricultural technology extension activities. Effectively separate the operational functions of grass-roots agricultural technical institutions and operate in a market-oriented manner.

(three) standardize the name and logo of the national agricultural technology extension institution.In accordance with the principle of outstanding functions and easy identification, the name and logo of the national agricultural technology extension institution will be further standardized in conjunction with relevant departments. In accordance with the form of "administrative division name+line (specialized) industry name+common name", the names of township-level national agricultural technology extension institutions shall be unified. The institutions established by townships take "station" or "center" as the common name; An institution that is established across townships and undertakes all the technology promotion work of two or more township-related industries can be called a "regional station"; An institution set up in a certain township and radiating to drive other surrounding township agricultural technology extension institutions to carry out business work is called a "central station". The name of the institution set up by industry is "agricultural technology promotion (or animal husbandry and veterinary, grassland work, aquatic technology promotion, agricultural mechanization technology promotion, etc.)"; The name of the comprehensive institution is "agricultural technology popularization" or related professional combination. The name of the administrative division is unified as the name of the township where the township-level agricultural technology extension institution is located, in which the regional station and the central station use the proper name of the township. After standardization, the names of township-level national agricultural technology extension institutions should be gradually unified in the same province and within the same industry. The Ministry of Agriculture will uniformly design and issue the logo of the national agricultural technology extension institutions, and agricultural technology extension institutions at all levels should put the logo in a prominent position.

(4) Rationalize the management system of national agricultural technology extension institutions.The provincial agricultural departments should, according to the characteristics of local agricultural technology popularization, study and put forward suggestions on improving the management system of township agricultural technology popularization institutions in conjunction with relevant departments, and strengthen the management and guidance of county-level agricultural departments on township agricultural technology popularization. In areas where township agricultural technology extension institutions are mainly managed by county-level agricultural departments, it is necessary to further consolidate the achievements of reform and stabilize the management system. In areas where township agricultural technology extension institutions are mainly managed by township governments, it is necessary to clarify the guiding responsibilities of county-level agricultural departments in the formulation, organization and implementation of agricultural technology extension plans, work assessment, personnel deployment, post employment and promotion, and implement the responsibilities of township agricultural technology extension to ensure that township agricultural technology extension institutions and agricultural technicians effectively perform their duties. Continue to deepen the reform of the management system of township agricultural technology extension institutions, realize the organic unity of management and management, and give full play to the overall functions of county and township service institutions.

(five) scientifically approved the staffing of national agricultural technology extension institutions.Coordinate with the departments of organization establishment and finance to scientifically determine the staffing of national agricultural technology extension institutions to ensure the effective performance of public welfare functions. The establishment should be determined according to the characteristics and scale of local agricultural industry, job responsibilities and tasks, the number and distribution of service objects, service radius and service means, traffic conditions and other factors. Among them, the staffing of planting, animal husbandry and veterinary (grassland) and fishery technology extension institutions is based on the planting area of crops and the proportion of main crops in the service area, the proportion of livestock and poultry breeding and scale farming (or grassland management and protection area), and the proportion of aquaculture area and water surface structure. The staffing of agricultural mechanization technology extension institutions is based on planting and breeding methods, species composition and agricultural machinery quantity. The staffing of agricultural products quality inspection and testing services should be based on the types, scale and quality requirements of agricultural products in the service area.

(6) Reasonably set up posts of national agricultural technology extension institutions.According to the needs of agricultural technology extension service and the staffing situation, according to the principle of setting up posts according to the situation, managing people by posts and optimizing the combination, the posts of national agricultural technology extension institutions are set up, and the job names, responsibilities, tasks and qualifications are defined, so as to realize the transformation of agricultural technicians from identity management to post management. Strictly control the proportion of posts in accordance with the law, and all posts in township extension institutions should be professional and technical posts. The post setting of township extension institutions should focus on the leading industries with local characteristics and common service needs, highlighting key posts such as crop cultivation, plant protection, breeding technology, grassland management and protection, animal epidemic prevention, agricultural mechanization service, agricultural product quality and safety service, agricultural information, ecological monitoring and protection, and taking into account the development needs of various industries and personalized service needs, so as to highlight key points, make overall plans and take full responsibility. Institutions with insufficient staffing should strengthen post integration and personnel cooperation, and implement multi-function or double series of cross-posts. Accelerate the implementation of the special post plan for agricultural technology extension services, and select a group of college students to serve as special post personnel in towns and villages.

Two, strengthen the construction of national agricultural technology extension team

(seven) to strengthen the employment management of agricultural technicians.The establishment of open recruitment, competition for posts, merit-based employment system, according to the approved preparation of fully equipped technical personnel, signed an employment contract, clear responsibilities and obligations. According to the prescribed authority and procedures, we will explore the implementation of personnel dynamic management in the form of fixed personnel, fixed posts and indefinite personnel, and gradually establish a new mechanism for the entry, management and exit of personnel with overall stability, retention of the best and elimination of the worst, and continuous optimization of the team structure. Strict requirements for agricultural technicians, new employees should have full-time college degree or above in related majors, and meet the requirements of job responsibilities. Provincial agricultural departments should, jointly with personnel departments, pay close attention to formulating and improving the assessment methods for the professional and technical level of new agricultural technicians, as well as the methods for hiring technical secondary school graduates or other personnel with corresponding professional and technical level in specific areas. If the existing personnel do not reach the professional and technical level stipulated by law, they should meet the requirements within the specified time through continuing education.

(8) Establish a long-term mechanism for training agricultural technicians.Scientifically formulate training plans and annual plans, make overall arrangements for the training of agricultural technicians, and realize the institutionalization of the training of agricultural technicians. Adhere to on-demand training, highlight the advanced agricultural technology, policies and regulations, extension methods, agricultural management, agricultural product marketing and other aspects of knowledge and skills training, and strive to cultivate compound agricultural extension talents with fine business, high quality and strong ability. Follow the law of adult continuing education, innovate training methods, use modern training means and adopt various forms to improve training effectiveness. Relying on agricultural scientific research, teaching and extension institutions, a number of agricultural technicians training bases will be established. Strengthen training supervision, clarify work responsibilities and ensure training quality. Encourage and support on-the-job agricultural technicians to study for extension masters, and go to agricultural colleges and research institutes for professional study and further study, so as to improve their professional level and academic level.

(nine) improve the evaluation and employment system of agricultural technicians.Accelerate the reform of the evaluation system of agricultural technicians’ professional titles, and formulate the evaluation standards of agricultural technicians’ professional titles in a hierarchical, scientific and reasonable manner. Professional and technical personnel engaged in agricultural technology popularization in counties, towns and villages should fully consider the actual situation, reasonably grasp their academic qualifications, achievement awards, papers and other conditions, focus on evaluating the level of professional work and the effectiveness of extension services, and pay attention to the recognition of the industry and the masses. In the evaluation of national agricultural technology extension researchers, the recommendation ratio will be tilted to the county and township grassroots; Priority should be given to qualified township agricultural technicians; There is no rigid requirement for foreign language titles of agricultural technicians below the county level. Gradually, there will be agricultural extension researchers at the county level and agricultural technicians with senior titles in key towns and villages.

Third, innovate the working and operating mechanism of national agricultural technology extension institutions

(ten) the full implementation of agricultural technology promotion responsibility system.Carry out the target management of agricultural technology extension work, decompose all extension functions into specific tasks, refine and quantify them and fall to every institution, every post and every agricultural technician. Implement the chief expert responsibility system for agricultural technology popularization at the county level, set up chief experts according to the leading agricultural industries and key specialties at the county level, be responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of major agricultural technology popularization plans, carry out the introduction, integration, demonstration and popularization of key agricultural technologies, study and solve technical problems in agricultural production, and guide the emergency response of agricultural disasters. Classify and form a team of technical instructors at the county level, implement the agricultural technology popularization plan according to the deployment of chief experts, contact and guide township agricultural technicians, core demonstration households and agricultural production and operation organizations, and carry out key agricultural technology popularization work. Clarify the work responsibilities of township agricultural technicians, and contact village-level agricultural technology service sites, farmers’ technicians, science and technology demonstration households and experimental demonstration bases by means of joint households in villages to ensure full coverage of agricultural technology extension services. The service area and service content of agricultural technology extension institutions and each agricultural technician will be made public, and commitments such as service time limit and service quality will be made to the clients. Supervise agricultural technicians to make work plans, fill in work accounts, write work summaries, strengthen work attendance and supervision, and ensure the effective performance of their duties. Encourage all localities to actively explore other ways and means to effectively implement the responsibility system for agricultural technology popularization.

(eleven) improve the evaluation mechanism of agricultural technology popularization.Establish a work evaluation system, scientifically formulate evaluation plans, refine the actual evaluation indicators, adhere to the combination of quantitative assessment and qualitative assessment, and combine peacetime assessment with annual assessment. The evaluation of agricultural technology popularization institutions should pay attention to the performance of public welfare duties, the realization of work objectives, the implementation of agricultural technology popularization projects, and the quality and effect of providing public welfare services to the society. The evaluation of agricultural technicians should be based on the promotion of service performance, on the basis of job responsibilities, employment contracts, annual work objectives, and satisfaction of clients, combined with log records and system implementation, so as to pay equal attention to professional ability and work performance, work quantity and quality, unified standards and job differences. The township agricultural technology extension institutions shall be evaluated by the county-level agricultural departments, township governments and service targets. We will comprehensively carry out the comprehensive evaluation of township agricultural technicians in their units, county-level agricultural departments, township governments and clients, scientifically determine the evaluation weight according to different management systems, and highlight the satisfaction of farmers as an important indicator of evaluation.

(twelve) to establish an incentive mechanism for agricultural technology popularization.Take the evaluation results of agricultural extension personnel as the main basis for performance salary cashing, job title promotion, post adjustment, contract renewal and dismissal, technical guidance subsidy distribution, study and training, and evaluation first, and link the performance evaluation results of agricultural extension institutions with the personal performance of all personnel, especially the person in charge of the institutions, so as to pay for performance, reward diligence and punish laziness. Adhere to the national harvest award system for agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, improve the procedures and standards for recommendation and evaluation, encourage all localities to set up agricultural technology popularization awards according to law, reward units and individuals who have made contributions to agricultural technology popularization, and tilt the award indicators to the grassroots and production lines. The establishment of accountability system, agricultural extension agencies and agricultural technicians who do not perform their duties of extension services according to law, should be investigated for corresponding responsibilities according to law.

Four, promote the development of diversified agricultural technical service organizations

(thirteen) to guide agricultural scientific research and teaching units to become an important force in agricultural technology popularization.Improve the evaluation mechanism of agricultural scientific research, take the experimental demonstration, popularization and application effect and application value evaluation of scientific research results as important evaluation indicators of related research work, and absorb agricultural technology extension institutions, agricultural enterprises and grassroots agricultural technicians as important subjects of acceptance evaluation. Encourage all localities to set up special agricultural technology popularization projects according to the needs of agricultural production, and support qualified agricultural research institutes and agriculture-related schools to participate in agricultural technology popularization. Agricultural scientific research and teaching units should take the achievements of scientific research and teaching personnel in agricultural technology extension services as an important basis for job assessment and professional title evaluation. Promote the system of popularizing professors and researchers, encourage scientific research and teaching personnel to go deep into the grassroots to carry out agricultural technology training and guidance services, and solve practical problems in agricultural production. Vigorously promote the modes of expert compound, popular science collection, joint construction of colleges (schools) and special commissioners for science and technology, and guide scientific research institutes and universities to establish agricultural science and technology parks and experimental demonstration bases to integrate, mature and popularize agricultural technological achievements.

(fourteen) give full play to the role of farmers’ professional cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, mass scientific and technological organizations and other social forces.Accelerate the development of diversified agricultural service organizations, improve the system of financial support, business guidance, ordering services, directional entrustment and public bidding, implement preferential tax and credit policies, and encourage and support farmers’ professional cooperatives and agriculture-related enterprises to provide farmers with various forms of agricultural services before, during and after delivery, such as unified supply of agricultural materials, unified tillage, unified collection of crops, unified prevention and control of pests and diseases, and unified purchase and marketing of agricultural products, so as to improve the degree of organization of farmers’ application of advanced technology. Support qualified farmers’ professional cooperatives and agriculture-related enterprises to participate in the implementation of major national or local agricultural technology popularization projects. Actively guide and support the development of mass scientific and technological organizations such as rural professional and technical associations and give play to their role in agricultural technology popularization. Support the agricultural reclamation system to further improve and perfect the agricultural technology extension system suitable for its own reality. Encourage farms, pastures and fishing grounds to carry out agricultural technology extension service activities for the society.

(fifteen) to strengthen the construction of village agricultural technical service stations and farmers’ technical personnel.Relying on village collective economic organizations, farmers’ professional cooperatives, science and technology demonstration households and farmers’ technical personnel, we will actively and steadily promote the construction of village agricultural technical service stations by means of private office assistance, technology and material combination and dynamic management. Strengthen the planning and guidance of site layout, construction standards, personnel selection, etc., expand service content, standardize service behavior, and implement standardized management. Actively promote the construction of village-level animal epidemic prevention staff, agricultural technicians and plant protection staff, implement their work responsibilities, and grant technical titles to those who meet the requirements in accordance with the regulations. Increase investment, give certain financial support to village agricultural technology service stations that assist in carrying out public welfare agricultural technology extension activities, and implement work subsidies for the selected farmers’ technical personnel according to regulations. Give full play to the technical support role of grass-roots national agricultural technology extension institutions, establish a docking mechanism between grass-roots agricultural technicians and village agricultural technology service stations and farmers’ technical personnel, strengthen technical training, guidance and assessment, and help solve production technical problems. Coordinate the villagers’ committees and village collective economic organizations, and help and promote the work of village agricultural technical service stations and farmers’ technical personnel by providing office space and experimental demonstration bases, funding activities and strengthening information publicity.　　　　

Five, strengthen the popularization and application of agricultural technology

(sixteen) pay attention to the overall coordination of agricultural technology popularization activities.Based on the reality of agricultural and rural economic development, major agricultural technology popularization work will be included as the key content in the local economic, social, agricultural and rural, scientific and technological development plans and plans, and will be jointly organized and implemented with relevant local departments. By means of administrative coordination, gathering of major projects, market mechanism guidance, etc., we will strive to break the boundaries between departments, regions, industries and units, make overall arrangements for agricultural technology extension service resources, promote the joint cooperation of agricultural scientific research and teaching units, national agricultural technology extension institutions, farmers’ professional cooperatives and agriculture-related enterprises, and form a new mechanism for agricultural technology extension with close integration in Industry-University-Research, complementary advantages of public welfare promotion and business promotion, and benign interaction between special services and comprehensive services. In the planning and deployment, task implementation, policy support, supervision and evaluation, summary and publicity, all kinds of agricultural technology extension subjects will be considered together, and the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in agricultural technology extension work will be fully mobilized.

(seventeen) innovative ways and means of agricultural technology popularization.Adhere to the system of promoting leading varieties and technologies, and select and publish a number of leading varieties and advanced practical technologies suitable for local popularization and application every year. Vigorously promote the service mode of "experts-agricultural technicians-science and technology demonstration households" and farmers’ field schools, organize agricultural science and technology personnel to go deep into the fields to carry out technical services in key agricultural seasons, achieve full coverage of agricultural counties and key villages, and improve the rate of technology households and places. Relying on major projects, we will vigorously demonstrate and promote major key technologies such as disaster prevention and production increase, cost reduction and efficiency increase, ecological environment protection, safety and high quality. Accelerate the construction of various modern agricultural demonstration zones and agricultural demonstration bases, strengthen the organic connection with the national modern agricultural industrial technology system and local innovation teams, and take the initiative to undertake the research and development results of various projects and plans. Make full use of traditional media, actively use information networks and modern communication means to improve the efficiency of extension services.

(eighteen) standardize the behavior of agricultural technology popularization.Do a good job in the experiment and demonstration before the popularization and application of agricultural technology to ensure the advanced, applicable and safe technology. Adhere to the voluntary principle of agricultural technology application, and do not force farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to adopt new varieties and technologies. Adhere to the classified management of public welfare promotion and business promotion, and the national agricultural technology extension institutions should earnestly perform their public service duties according to law, and all agricultural technologies should be provided free of charge; Other units and individuals who undertake public welfare services in the form of government ordering, directional entrustment and implementation of projects shall not charge farmers extra; Support agricultural scientific research and teaching units, enterprises and their scientific and technical personnel to carry out paid technical services according to law and protect intellectual property rights according to law. Strengthen the responsibility appraisal and loss assessment of agricultural technology popularization accidents, and provide a basis for punishing illegal acts and protecting farmers’ rights and interests.

(nineteen) to improve the ability of farmers to apply advanced technology.We will intensify the implementation of all kinds of rural practical talents training programs, expand the training scale and improve the subsidy standards by relying on major engineering projects. In-depth implementation of rural labor training sunshine project, accelerate the training of rural skills, service-oriented and production-oriented talents. According to the seasonal demand of agricultural season, extensive popularization training of advanced and practical agricultural technology is carried out in various ways. Strengthen policy guidance, increase investment, speed up the pilot progress, and vigorously cultivate new professional farmers. Actively explore and solve the problem that farmers receive part-time secondary vocational education and enjoy the national policy of aiding students and exempting tuition fees, and encourage farmers to receive vocational education locally and nearby in the form of part-time schooling.

Six, the implementation of agricultural technology promotion safeguard measures

(twenty) to establish a long-term mechanism for the investment of agricultural technology popularization funds.Actively strive for the support of local governments and relevant departments, give play to the leading role of the government in agricultural technology popularization investment, and ensure that the funds used for agricultural technology popularization in the fiscal budget increase year by year according to the provisions. The expenses such as personnel funds and basic operating funds of the national agricultural technology extension institutions shall be incorporated into the fiscal budget at the same level according to law to ensure. In-depth implementation of major agricultural technology extension projects of the central government, and promotion of a substantial increase in subsidies for key technologies for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation and stable and increased production. Encourage all localities to set up special funds for agricultural technology popularization and give subsidies to major regional agricultural technology popularization. Actively encourage and guide the investment of social funds, and promote the sustained and steady growth of funds for agricultural technology popularization in the whole society.

(twenty-one) to improve the wages of grassroots agricultural technicians.Conscientiously implement the reform plan of the income distribution system for staff in state institutions, and promote the relevant local departments to guarantee the wages and benefits of county and township agricultural technicians, including basic wages, subsidies, performance pay, social insurance contributions, housing provident fund, etc. We will implement the policy of floating and fixing the wages of township agricultural technicians, and issue subsidies for toxic and harmful health care, animal husbandry and veterinary medical care, and work in hard and remote areas according to regulations, so as to effectively improve the wages and benefits of grassroots agricultural technicians. According to the regulations, the social insurance expenses of agricultural technicians such as pension, medical care and unemployment will be included in the local social security system to provide protection for them to take root and serve the grassroots.

(twenty-two) the implementation of grass-roots national agricultural technology extension institutions working funds.Strengthen the use, management and performance evaluation of subsidy funds for the reform and construction of grass-roots agricultural technology extension system, and improve the subsidy mechanism of central finance for grass-roots agricultural technology extension work funds. Local agricultural departments should work together with relevant departments to study and put forward reference standards and quotas for the calculation of work funds needed by county and township agricultural technology extension institutions to perform their statutory public welfare duties based on local actual conditions, crop planting area, livestock and poultry breeding quantity, grassland management and protection area, aquaculture area and agricultural machinery quantity in the service area, combined with industrial structure, geographical scope and other factors, so as to clarify the proportion of financial commitment at all levels below the provincial level and incorporate it into the budget according to law for trial demonstration, consulting services, inspection and testing, farmer training, rural transportation and so on. Take the achievements of agricultural technology popularization at the grass-roots level as an important reference index for allocating central financial subsidy funds and calculating and arranging local financial work funds, and give full play to the guiding and stimulating role of funds.

(twenty-three) to improve the working conditions of agricultural technology popularization at the grassroots level.Accelerate the implementation of conditional construction projects of township agricultural extension institutions, pay close attention to the implementation of local matching funds, construction land and other related supporting policies, build business premises for extension institutions, and allocate inspection and testing, technology promotion, farmer training equipment and transportation tools. Strengthen project construction and fund management, standardize project bidding and equipment procurement procedures, implement work responsibilities, and ensure construction quality and progress. Encourage qualified areas to increase local financial input, expand investment scale and improve construction standards. For the fixed assets of grass-roots agricultural technology extension institutions formed by financial investment at or above the county level, it is necessary to go through the formalities of property rights and establish a ledger of fixed assets. Without the consent of the construction examination and approval authority and the state-owned assets management department, no unit may arbitrarily change its use or dispose of it without authorization. Promote local finance to set up special funds for the upgrading and improvement of basic agricultural technology extension service facilities and equipment.

Seven, to create a good atmosphere for the implementation of agricultural technology popularization law.

(twenty-four) to strengthen organizational leadership.Agricultural departments at all levels, as the competent departments of agricultural technology popularization, should effectively play a leading role, put the implementation of agricultural technology popularization law in a more prominent position, strengthen organizational leadership, formulate work plans, clarify objectives and tasks, and implement work responsibilities. It is necessary to strengthen communication and coordination with the departments of establishment, personnel, development and reform, finance, science and technology, education, etc., actively strive to implement relevant policies, and strengthen support for agricultural extension work. It is necessary to strengthen contact with agricultural scientific research institutions and related schools, strengthen joint cooperation, and form joint efforts. It is necessary to strengthen investigation and study and solve the new problems in the implementation of the agricultural technology popularization law in time. Agricultural scientific research and teaching units at all levels should actively cooperate, face the needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, base themselves on their own reality, innovate service models, and actively participate in agricultural technology popularization. The agricultural department of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and the reclamation area directly under the Ministry of Agriculture should organize their subordinate agricultural technology popularization units to do a good job in the implementation of the agricultural technology popularization law.

(twenty-five) to carry out extensive study and publicity activities.Agricultural departments at all levels and relevant units should organize the broad masses of agricultural scientific and technological personnel, thoroughly study the legal provisions, especially the new provisions, grasp the legislative purpose and spirit, accurately understand the law, consciously abide by the law, strictly enforce the law, and lay a solid foundation for implementing the agricultural technology popularization law. It is necessary to make full use of all kinds of news media to widely publicize the significance and requirements of the agricultural technology popularization law, publicize the effectiveness of agricultural technology popularization work, publicize the typical agricultural technicians who have long taken root in the countryside and served farmers, guide all sectors of society to care more about, understand and support the cause of agricultural technology popularization, and create a social atmosphere for implementing the agricultural technology popularization law.

(twenty-six) to improve local laws and regulations.The agricultural departments of all provinces should actively seek the support of local party committees, people’s congresses, governments and relevant departments in accordance with the unified arrangements of the law and the central authorities, and incorporate them into the provincial legislative plan. Based on the actual development of local agriculture and rural areas, we should pay close attention to the study of corresponding policies and measures. Under the basic framework of the Agricultural Technology Popularization Law, we should refine and implement the provisions on staffing, management system, post conditions and funding guarantee of agricultural technology popularization institutions, and further strengthen the legal guarantee of agricultural technology popularization.

(twenty-seven) to strengthen the supervision and inspection of law enforcement.Local agricultural departments should take the implementation of the Agricultural Technology Popularization Law as an opportunity, rely on and use legal means to accelerate the work of agricultural technology popularization, and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of agricultural technology popularization units, agricultural technicians and farmers. Actively cooperate with people’s congresses and governments at all levels, focusing on the construction of grass-roots agricultural technology popularization institutions, the performance of public welfare duties, and the implementation of safeguard measures, strengthen supervision and inspection on the implementation of the agricultural technology popularization law, investigate and correct behaviors that are found to be inconsistent with the law, and strive to create a good situation of learning the law, knowing the usage of the law, administering according to law, and popularizing according to law. The Ministry of Agriculture will timely organize supervision and inspection of the implementation of the Agricultural Technology Extension Law in the agricultural system.

The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China

2013yearonemoonfoursun

　　CCTV News:On August 6th, the "International Sharp Review" of CCTV broadcasted an article entitled "The Trade War Sacrificed the First Victim of Globalization", which was reprinted by many overseas media.

　　On August 6, German website of European Times, German-Chinese Report website, RADIOWE website of Italy (facebook, twitter), Rainbow FM website of Lisbon, Portugal (facebook), Global Iberian client of Portugal, Bobo website of Rio headlines in Brazil (facebook), World Bobo website of Sao Paulo, Brazil (facebook), website of Business News of Kazakhstan, Turkish economic observation network, Turkish directional radio website, Indian Daily Morning News website, UAE Ain News website, Jordan Global Radio website, American Business Daily website, Canadian Business Daily website, Chinese PT portal, Chinese headline APP, Portuguese New Newspaper APP(facebook, twitter), Nordic Times website, European Chinese language website, European Chinese radio website, African Times website, West Africa online website, Japanese Chinese business website, Greek China website. On August 7, Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po also published this article. The main reports are as follows:

　　German cars sold to China have gone up in price!

　　China consumers haven’t said anything yet, and American blue-collar workers are beginning to feel anxious. This seemingly puzzling scene was staged in the context of the trade war provoked by the Trump administration. German cars have become the first victims of Trump’s tariff policy: the obvious victims are German car companies that set up factories in the United States, and the potential victims are the jobs of American auto workers.

　　Let’s restore the news facts first: On July 30th, German BMW Motor Company raised the sales prices of its two sports utility vehicles (SUVs) produced in the United States and exported to China in China by 4% and 7% respectively, because of the increased cost. As for the reason for the increase in cost, it is not difficult to find out: since the Trump administration launched a trade offensive to increase tariffs on many countries and lines, the price of global procurement parts for BMW cars made in the United States has risen. At the same time, as one of the counter-measures against the United States, China will impose a 25% tax on imported cars from the United States on the basis of the new 15% tariff, that is, a 40% tax. This means that in the future, the market share of American brand cars in China will be reduced due to price factors.

　　As early as the White House imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum on its major trading partners and started the first shot of a trade war, many people in the industry analyzed that automobiles and electronic products with a high degree of development in the global industrial chain may bear the brunt and become victims. Because the world’s large automobile manufacturers are all heavyweight multinational companies, setting up factories all over the world. According to the latest list published by Automotive News in June this year, in 2018, the top 100 global auto parts suppliers came from 17 countries including Germany, Japan, Canada, Spain, South Korea, Mexico and China. Each car involves tens of thousands of parts, from assembly to production off-line, which is inseparable from the precise division of labor and cooperation of suppliers from all countries in the global industrial chain.

　　The impact of this round of trade war on any small link in the automobile industry chain will disrupt the whole industry chain. This is the so-called "fire at the city gate will hurt the fish in the pool". The United States imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum products from other countries, and then many countries countered them, which affected major auto companies including GM and Ford, as well as BMW in Germany. The Financial Times pointed out that in fact, Donald Trump tore up international agreements that he thought would harm blue-collar voters in the United States in order to fulfill his campaign promise to bring jobs back to the United States, which actually began to destroy the world that automakers are familiar with.

　　Together with Trump, there may be jobs for American auto workers, that is, blue-collar voters, that he talks about protecting every day. Because the president of the United States let the "tariff bullet" sweep outside for a while, it was bounced back by the counter-produced steel plate, and it was the foreign car companies that set up factories in the United States and solved the employment problem of Americans who were injured. German company Daimler said that in 2017, 20% of its cars produced in the United States were sold to China. In the second quarter of 2018, due to Sino-US trade friction, its net profit decreased by 27%. If the tariff increase continues, it will reconsider its production layout, including the possibility of establishing a new factory in China.

　　Let’s look at BMW, which has built its world’s largest automobile factory in Sparthan Fort, South Carolina, USA. Now it has surpassed the local automobile brands in the United States and become the largest automobile export enterprise in the United States, employing 9,000 local employees. Around Fort Sparthan, there are more than 200 auto parts factories from more than 20 countries, and each factory has local employees. Last year, 70% of BMW cars produced by Sparthan Fort Factory were sold outside the United States, and about 25% were exported to China. The New York Times reported that BMW had written a letter to the US Department of Commerce, saying that if the cost of exporting American-made BMW SUVs was too high in the future, the company would consider reducing its investment and production scale in Fort Sparthan.

　　As the world’s largest automobile consumption market for nine consecutive years, China has always been a market favored by major automobile companies in various countries and unwilling to give up easily. The subtext of Mercedes-Benz and BMW is very clear, that is, if the trade war continues, it is inevitable to reduce production and lay off employees in the United States.

　　The Financial Times once quoted a professional as saying that the impact of the trade war on the global automobile industry was described as a "perfect storm". The "perfection" of the "storm" lies in that the slightest bit points to its opposite side, that is, a combination of various factors will bring a fatal blow to the global automobile industry. Again, the ball to stop the storm is in the hands of the White House. How to save our compatriots in the storm depends on whether it is willing to kick it out.

　　A number of overseas media forwarded "International Sharp Review" articles:

"European Times" German website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Italian RADIOWE website (facebook, Twitter) forwarded on August 6, 2018.

India’s "Daily Morning News" website was forwarded on August 6, 2018

UAE Ain News Network forwarded on August 6, 2018

Jordan Global Radio website forwarded on August 6, 2018

American Business Daily website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Canadian Business Daily website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Portuguese news APP(facebook, Twitter) forwarded on August 6, 2018.

Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was published on August 7, 2018.

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on August 7, 2018.