爱上海-爱上海419论坛-爱上海后花园论坛

　　BEIJING, June 13 (Xinhua) You Jun, Vice Minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said today that there is a big gap between provinces in the accumulated surplus funds of endowment insurance, which is difficult to be solved by provincial-level overall planning, so it is necessary to improve the overall planning level and adjust the funds nationwide. The establishment of the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees is mainly aimed at ensuring the safe and sustainable development of the old-age insurance system in China and the timely and full payment of pensions for enterprise retirees. First, establish a central fund adjustment system to balance the burden of pension funds between regions, gradually improve the system, and realize the national overall planning of pension insurance as soon as possible.

　　The State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy on 13th, and asked Vice Minister Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security You Jun to introduce the State Council’s Notice on Establishing a Central Adjustment System for Enterprise Employees’ Basic Endowment Insurance Fund, and answered questions from reporters.

　　A reporter asked: Why is the central adjustment system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees established, and what problems can be solved by the implementation of the system?

　　You Jun said that this issue should be viewed from history and reality, especially from the development process of China’s pension insurance system. China’s basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees began to reform in the 1980s, and experienced a process from bottom to top, and then from top to bottom.

　　At the earliest, we began to explore the establishment of social pooling of county-level retirement expenses, and then gradually established an institutional model combining social pooling with individual accounts. During this period, the methods of endowment insurance were different in different places. By 1997, the State Council unified the national basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, and further improved it in 2005. On this basis, in 2010, the National People’s Congress passed the Social Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was officially implemented on July 1, 2011. Since then, the development of China’s old-age insurance system has embarked on the legal track.

　　You Jun said that after nearly 30 years of reform, China’s basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees has gradually realized provincial-level overall planning from the initial county-level overall planning. Provincial overall planning means that the endowment insurance fund can be adjusted within a province. However, with the acceleration of population aging and the diversification of employment situation, especially the strengthening of mobility, the labor force flows from the central and western regions to the east. Under the influence of these factors, the gap between regions in the dependency ratio of old-age insurance is widening.

　　Last year, there were 353 million employees participating in the endowment insurance for enterprise employees, including 259 million employees on the job and 94.6 million retirees receiving benefits. The total dependency ratio was 273: 1, that is, 2.73 employees supported a retiree.

　　Of course, there are great differences between different provinces, some provinces have a dependency ratio of 4: 1, and the highest is that Guangdong has exceeded 8: 1; The dependency ratio in some provinces is less than 2: 1, and the lowest in Heilongjiang is less than 1.3: 1, which is mainly caused by the different population structure and economic structure in different regions. Especially in the old industrial bases such as Northeast China, the historical burden is heavy, and there are many labor outflows, so the pressure on pension funds is greater. In the eastern coastal provinces, the historical burden was relatively light in the past, and there were more labor inflows, so the balance of pension funds was also more.

　　Although the accumulated balance of endowment insurance in China is 4.14 trillion yuan, nearly two-thirds of it is concentrated in a few provinces in the eastern region. The national accumulated balance can be paid for 17.4 months, and some provinces can pay for 40 or 50 months, and there are tens of billions of balances in the current period of each year. The balance in Guangdong last year exceeded 100 billion. Some provinces, such as Liaoning and Heilongjiang, are facing great pressure in fund operation, and the income in the current period has exceeded the expenditure, and the accumulated balance of individual provinces has also been used up.

　　You Jun said that social insurance follows the law of large numbers, which means that the higher the level of overall planning and the more participants, the stronger the fund’s ability to resist risks. The imbalance of funds between provinces is difficult to solve by provincial overall planning, so it is necessary to improve the level of overall planning and adjust funds nationwide.

　　The social security law clearly stipulates that the basic old-age insurance fund is gradually implemented nationwide. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is also explicitly required to realize the national overall planning of endowment insurance as soon as possible. Whether we can achieve national overall planning in one step is closely related to the uneven development of regions in China. There are great differences in payment base, rate standard and treatment level in different places, so it is difficult to realize the idealized national overall planning model of unified fund collection and expenditure in one step.

　　A more prudent way is to start from a lower proportion and establish a central fund adjustment system as the first step of national overall planning, so as to alleviate the imbalance of endowment insurance funds between provinces and regions and enhance the sustainability of the basic endowment insurance system. On this basis, we will work out the timetable and road map for national overall planning, constantly improve the central fund adjustment system, solidly promote all work, and realize the national overall planning model of unified fund collection and expenditure as soon as possible.

　　You Jun said that just a few words were summarized, and the establishment of a central adjustment system for basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees was mainly aimed at ensuring the safe and sustainable development of China’s old-age insurance system and ensuring the timely and full payment of pensions for enterprise retirees. According to the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the requirements of the social insurance law, we should first establish a central fund adjustment system to balance the burden of endowment insurance funds among regions, gradually improve the system, and realize the national overall planning of endowment insurance as soon as possible.

CCTV News:Beautiful mountains and rivers, thriving. This holiday, people enjoy the mountains and rivers, feel the ever-changing land of China, and praise the great times with colorful activities.

Yulin, Shaanxi: The Charming Ancient City staged an intangible cultural performance.

During the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday, Yulin, Shaanxi Province held a series of activities on the theme of National Day. Downstairs of Wanfo, the storytelling tunes in northern Shaanxi are vigorous and beautiful. Downstairs in Xinming, the wedding sedan chair in northern Shaanxi is full of happiness. From September 29th to October 6th, Yulin Ancient City staged intangible cultural performances at different times every day to share cultural feasts with tourists.

Changzhou, Jiangsu: Multi-genre Music Festival brings "one-stop" enjoyment.

In Taihu Bay, Changzhou, Jiangsu, a four-day music festival is being held. Rap, rock, pop, folk songs and other styles of music are staged one after another, bringing "one-stop" enjoyment to tourists.

Ningbo, Zhejiang: Night tour of ancient towns is popular.

In Cicheng Ancient Town, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, the national intangible project "Fenghua Bulong" is welcomed by tourists. Performers shuttle through the ancient town, bringing tourists good wishes of good weather and good luck. The non-genetic inheritance skill "Ninghai plays with teeth" is an eye-opener for tourists. Activities such as lion dance and lantern racing were also organized in the local area, and people celebrated the National Day while enjoying intangible performances and participating in folk activities.

Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province: Enjoy a Folk Holiday between Mountains and Waters.

Yang Jiajie Scenic Spot in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province held a cultural performance of "Non-legacy into the scenic spot" during the holiday. Tujia Lantern, Tujia Liuzi, Tujia Banggu and other programs with rich characteristics make tourists feel the unique charm of intangible cultural heritage at close range.

Hongya, Sichuan: The live performance of the ancient town feels a strong festive atmosphere.

In Liujiang Ancient Town, Hongya County, Sichuan Province, many activities such as live performance, classic reading and non-legacy tour were launched locally. Tourists stroll through the picturesque poetic ancient town, watch live performances on the water, feel the charm of non-legacy folk customs and celebrate their holidays.

Use music to unite patriotic feelings. Hundreds of teenagers from Hong Kong and Shenzhen played My People，My Country together.

On October 2nd, the National Day Concert of "String Music Inheriting the Music of Shenzhen and Hong Kong" was staged at the Hong Kong Cultural Center. More than 150 teenagers from Hongkong and Shenzhen played the My People，My Country and sent their best wishes for the National Day. On the 2nd, Hong Kong ushered in the peak of entry, with more than 555,000 people entering the country.

During the holidays, the Macao SAR government held music performances, light shows and other activities in several popular tourist attractions, so that tourists can better feel the charm of different cultures. According to the data, from September 29th to October 2nd, the number of visitors to Macau reached 530,000, and over seven of them became mainland visitors. Among them, 158,000 passengers entered Macao on September 30, setting a record for the highest number of single-day visitors this year.

Guangdong: Excavating the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Stimulating the New Vitality of the Ancient City

This year’s Mid-Autumn National Day holiday, Guangdong tourism market is hot. According to the preliminary calculation of Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, September 29th — On October 2nd, 150 key scenic spots monitored in the province received a total of 10.501 million tourists.

Chaozhou, Guangdong Province is an ancient cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the first city in Lingdong". It is surrounded by three mountains and the Hanjiang River is like a belt. The context is continuous and profound. Next, we walked into Paifang Street, Chaozhou Ancient City, one of the first national tourist and leisure blocks in Guangdong Province. Feel the charm of cultural heritage in this historical corridor.

On the Guangji Bridge in the ancient city of Chaozhou, the tourists who come to punch in are bustling. In addition to enjoying the charm of the Millennium ancient bridge, the pavilions and pavilions also display exquisite intangible works, such as splendid Chaozhou woodcarving, exquisite and elegant Chaozhou embroidery and lifelike Dawu clay sculpture, which attracts many tourists to stop and enjoy. Non-genetic inheritors also showed the hand-pulled pot making skills and Chaozhou Kung Fu tea art on the spot, and invited tourists to experience and feel the unique charm of Chaozhou non-legacy culture.

Mid-Autumn National Day holiday, more than half of the trip is hot.

Today (October 3rd) is the fifth day of the Mid-Autumn National Day holiday, and the eight-day two-day holiday is over half. Are you enjoying the holiday mode on the road, or have you started to return early at the wrong peak? How hot is this holiday? Let’s look at the latest travel data released by the Ministry of Transport.

Data 1: 53.539 million person-times. Today, the national railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation are expected to send 53.539 million passengers, an increase of 52.5% over the same period in 2022.

Data 2: 16.35 million person-times. The reporter learned from China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. that during the holiday, the railway passenger flow remained at a high level, and short-distance passenger flows such as traveling and visiting relatives accounted for a relatively large proportion. Today, the national railway is expected to send 16.35 million passengers, and the national railway passenger flow has remained above 16 million for four consecutive days.

　　It has long been discovered that one of the magic weapons of Japanese drama is to "focus on reality and face anxiety". This is the case with the two Japanese dramas that started broadcasting in April this year. I get off work on time, which also resonates on China’s domestic network, is aimed at the deep accumulated disadvantages under the Japanese "overtime culture" that has been in operation for years; Another new film "Home on Sakamoto Road" (Home on the way to Sakamoto), which was broadcast on April 27th, faces the contemporary Japanese family directly, more precisely, it is the child-rearing pain of contemporary housewives.

　　Home on Sakamoto Road

　　Desperate Housewives

　　The reason why the word "housewife" should be emphasized is naturally related to the traditional image of Japanese families. "You’re back, you can eat"; "The bath water has been put away"; The lines "Really, the newly cleaned house is dirty again" are familiar to the audience of Japanese family TV series. The husband who is shackled by the "overtime culture" is firmly tied to his job. When he returns home after a busy day outside, his wife often has cooked the food and waited. Before the meal is over, the wife may have put bath water in the bathtub for her husband to spare. On weekends, the husband who rarely takes a vacation is still asleep, while the wife who gets up early is busy in front of the kitchen and washing machine … …

　　This is probably what Fuyumi Sakamoto, a famous Japanese singer, summed up in "Men’s Fire Sacrifice" (Men’s Fire Sacrifice), "Japanese men try their best to work hard … … A woman marries a woman, lives by her husband, and lives a life of hard housework and guarding her home. " If such lyrics full of "gender differences" are put into European and American music circles, they will definitely be bombarded by feminists as "politically incorrect". In Japan, The Man’s Fire Sacrifice has been on the stage of NHK’s "Red and White Songs" three times so far. This means that in the mainstream social cognition of Japan, "housewife" is the mainstream form of "wife" mode in Japanese families: men are often citizens and producers, and then husbands, while women are first and often only wives.

　　Fuyumi Sakamoto sang "Man’s Fire Sacrifice"

　　In this way, marriage has become the traditional destination of Japanese women’s happiness and lifelong career. Therefore, the opening monologue of the Japanese drama "Don’t Get Married" (2012) is "Marriage, the stage of life that most people will step into, and anyone can become the dream stage of the protagonist". "Problem Restaurant" (2015) also portrays such a housewife: Morimura Mirror has been fully engaged in housework, parenting and caring for the elderly in the family since her marriage. When she met her old college classmates, she had changed from a confident and energetic girl to a housewife who was passive in Nuo Nuo.

　　On the other hand, although Xu Zhimo, a famous poet in China, once praised Japanese women like this in Nora, shian: the gentleness of bowing one’s head is the most, like the shyness of a water lotus that can’t overcome the cool wind; But Japanese husbands don’t seem to be satisfied. Ryokawa Yoshiko in Days of Beauty (2014) said: "After three years, my husband will only treat his wife as a refrigerator, thinking that he can eat food at any time just by opening the door, even if it is broken, it will be inconvenient, but he is too lazy to take it for repair and maintenance … …”

　　Day and face

　　Things that make these housewives desperate don’t stop there. The traditional Japanese view of marriage also believes that once married, children will be born, so we must consider the long-term plan of raising children. "Tokyo Women’s Picture Book" (2017) is a Japanese drama about women in the new era, but it still can’t get around the topic of marriage. Even in this society that advertises equal rights between men and women, women have been under great social pressure. At the age of marriage, settle down and find a man to marry and have another child, as if the child is also a medal of a woman. Of course, Rousseau did say three centuries ago that "the most important task for women is to be a mother, and maternal love is a lofty feeling that nothing can surpass" … … This actually sets a very high moral standard for the family role of mother, which is different from the obligations undertaken by the father role. The mother role requires her to pay all for her children and bear almost all the responsibilities of childcare, which is known as "widowed parenting".

　　Home on Sakamoto Road is such a TV series with the theme of "Desperate Housewives". Like many popular Japanese dramas, Home on Sakamoto is also adapted from the novel of the same name. As a woman, Mitsuyo Kakuta, the original author, first had a failed marriage with the writer Ito Takahashi, and later married Zhang Yang Kono, a member of the rock band. The actual experience of these two marriages is naturally enough to make him empathize with the life of a "housewife" and resort to words.

　　Original novel

　　Every family has its own difficulties in chanting scriptures.

　　The protagonist in "Home on Sakamoto Road" is called Sand in the Mountain. She is a housewife with a three-year-old baby. Interestingly, Chai Yunxing (Chai Yunコ コ), who played this role, is still alone even though he had an affair with actor Tsumabuki Satoshi. "Sand in the Mountain" is also the first time she has starred in a TV series since the 2016 Dahe drama "The Female Master Straight Tiger". Can she play the role of a strange housewife? Chai Yunxing himself is full of confidence in this, hoping to "show the attitude of taking his family and raising children seriously". Judging from the dramas that have been broadcast, her acting skills should be said to be quite in place. The sand in the mountain has to take care of some unruly and willful daughters, and also serve her husband, Ichiro Yamamoto, who comes home from work every day to make a living. It is really exhausting. The first thing the husband, played by Seiichi Tanabe, did when he got home was to ask his wife for beer. Even if he is only a few steps away from the refrigerator, he doesn’t want to get it himself … …

　　A husband who asks for beer

　　As the series propaganda said, the six-episode TV series "Home on Sakamoto Road" throws a universal and heartbreaking theme to the mothers who are raising children and the people living around them: "What is family love?" "What is a mother’s life?" "What is life?" The "desperate housewife" in the play is not the only one in the sand in the mountain.

　　This play presents two main lines to the audience. One of them is a legal trial. Also a professional housewife, Ando Mizuho (Miki Mizuno) drowned her baby, who was only eight months old, in the bathtub at home, so she was taken to court. Japan’s legal system requires that jurors be selected from ordinary people to participate in the trial, and sand in the mountain is unfortunately selected as a "supplementary referee", so it is necessary to report to the court every day to fulfill national obligations, while children can only be fostered in their mother-in-law’s house during the day. At first, the sand in the mountain was convinced that Ando Shuizi was an irresponsible mother. With the deepening of the trial, the past of Ando’s family emerged in front of the jurors. The sand in the mountain just discovered that there are a lot of sufferings and insincerity that can’t be judged by onlookers at will. The essence of this tragedy is not pure child abuse, but a mother with postpartum depression needs help: can she take care of her child wholeheartedly after childbirth and be physically able to bear it? Is there breast milk? Is breast milk enough? Does the baby keep up with other ordinary children? Whether the child’s crying in the middle of the night causes lack of sleep, and whether the mother’s own postpartum physical recovery is good … … The malice around her caused her to lose self-confidence and even lose the ability to take care of her baby.

　　As the trial went on, Shali in the mountain changed his view on the defendant.

　　What’s even more frightening is that the situations of the defendant and the hostess have gradually overlapped. When her daughter had another willful attack, the sand in the mountain cave pretended to abandon her on the road, but her husband arrived at this time and scolded her for "child abuse." This kind of plot design will really remind people of the scene in The Problem Restaurant. When the mirror is raising children in isolation and doing its best to achieve this goal, it is degraded to nothing by her husband because of her negligence, which causes her son to be injured.

　　The second main line is the family life of all kinds of people involved in this trial. In addition to the sand in the mountain, Asako Matsushita, a judge, is also the mother of a young child. As a professional woman, both family and career are the goals pursued by women in the new era, but her husband is unwilling to share the housework of child-rearing and urges his wife to prepare for a second child. The life of Panasonic Asako has also become overwhelmed. The juror Yamada and your family are another kind of distress. The wife from a rich family felt the gap in real life after becoming a housewife. As a result, the relationship between husband and wife is on the verge of breaking up. Yamada and Gui have to stay in the company until 10 pm every day, and their relationship with young female colleagues has become ambiguous. As for another juror, Fanghe Liushi has an "enlightened" husband, and Alice doesn’t mind "dink" all her life, but Fanghe Liushi is eager to have her own children and is working hard for it … … This is exactly what Tolstoy said, "All happy families are the same, and each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way". However, in "Home on Sakamoto Road", the audience can’t seem to see where happiness lies.

　　Longing for children’s Fanghe Liushi

　　"necessary evil"

　　Even as a foreign audience, people still can’t help but ask, is it reasonable to put all the burden of the family on the shoulders of the "housewife"?

　　In fact, it can’t be said that the contemporary Japanese have ignored this problem. In 2016, the smash hit "Escape is shameful but useful" explored the long-neglected value of female family labor. As said in the play, the working time of housewives is 2,199 hours a year, and the value of this job is 3.041 million yen (about 190,000 RMB) per year. A housewife who seems to be doing nothing can be equivalent to a company employee after careful calculation. In this way, the idea of getting married without paying the housewife the corresponding reward is called "love squeezing" However, although more and more Japanese women have entered the workplace in recent years, their role as the main undertaker of domestic labor has not fundamentally changed. The traditional division of gender roles of "men dominate outside and women dominate inside" has become loose, but it has been replaced by an embarrassing situation of "men dominate outside and women dominate inside and outside".

　　Panasonic Asako who takes care of work and family in the play

　　However, this situation appears to be smooth in Japan. "Clean and tidy streets, exquisite and delicious food, picturesque scenery, ancient culture, considerate service and advanced technology … … The only thing this country needs to work hard now is to be nicer to women … …” This is a compliment from Ms. Ngcuka, Director of UN Women and former South African Vice President, during her visit to Japan in 2014, to express her expectation for Abe’s new policy of "Women Active and Shining Society" at that time. Ironically, four years later, according to the Global Gender Gap Report of the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2018, Japan fell from the original 104th place to 114th place (behind China), which became a flaw in the crown of its developed countries.

　　In "Home on Sakamoto Road", even through the performance of the elders who are also women, it shows the social maintenance of this unfair state. In the eyes of the defendant’s mother-in-law, Ando Bangzhi (Mitsuko Baisho), the daughter-in-law is completely lazy, not "postpartum depression". She confidently declared in court that "raising children is of course hard, but as long as you get through this, you will feel happy." However, the same mother-in-law actually came up with the idea of letting her baby son (An Teng Xiushi) stay in a hotel directly after work, in order not to let the noise of housework and children affect his rest. The reason is still justified: "An Teng Xiushi is the pillar of the family, so of course he should ensure his rest" … …

　　As for the mother-in-law in the sand in the mountain, she is not only following her son’s request, but in her family, it is natural that she has no connection with her husband to look after her granddaughter and do housework. The latter who retires at home only studies the chess playing method by herself, and shouts, "Dinner is ready" when the time comes.

　　A mother-in-law who cares about her son’s rest

　　From this point of view, the housewives in Home on Sakamoto seem to be facing a "necessary evil". Although people hope that the unfair treatment of women will disappear as soon as possible, they have to do it because of the needs of social tradition. However, it seems that the situation of housewives is even more desperate.

With the popularization of new energy vehicles, more and more people will encounter a problem when buying a car:Is it better to buy a pure electric car or a plug-in hybrid car? The two models have their own advantages, but which one is more suitable for you?Today, Lungu will talk about this topic in detail, hoping to help everyone make a more wise choice.

Wheel valley first on the conclusion:

There is no standard answer to this question, the key lies in your needs and usage scenarios.

If you pay more attention to environmental protection, save money and have stable charging conditions, pure trams are a better choice; And if you have the need for long-distance travel, or the charging conditions are not perfect enough, plug-in hybrid cars can provide greater flexibility.

First, pure electric vehicles

Advantages:

First of all, the biggest feature of pure electric vehicles is thatCompletely driven by electricity, no tail gas emission, especially friendly to the environment.With the development of technology, the cruising range of pure electric vehicles is nowIt can basically reach more than 300 kilometers.High-end models can even run 1000 kilometers. plusWith the gradual improvement of charging facilities, driving a pure tram in the city is no longer as anxious as it used to be.

Saving money is also a highlight of pure electric vehicles.Electricity is much cheaper than oil, especially if you have a charging pile at home, charging at night is more cost-effective and the use cost is very low.In addition, the maintenance cost of pure electric vehicles is also relatively low.Because its structure is relatively simple, there are no complicated parts such as engine and gearbox, and frequent maintenance is not needed.

Insufficient:

But there are also problems. For example, ifThe charging facilities in your place are not perfect enough, so it may be inconvenient to travel for a long time.Although many expressway service areas are now equipped with charging piles, if it is a holiday trip, charging piles may be in short supply. Besides,Winter in the north is a challenge for electric vehicles, and the low temperature will shorten the battery life.

Second, plug-in hybrid car

Advantages:

The advantages of plug-in hybrid cars areIt can use both electricity and oil. When traveling short distances, you can only use electricity to drive and enjoy the same environmental protection and money-saving effect as pure electric vehicles.If you want to run a long distance and the battery runs out, the car can also switch to fuel mode.Avoid the endurance anxiety of pure electric vehicles.

Plug-in hybrid cars are especiallySuitable for those who need to run long distances frequently, or live in areas with inadequate charging facilities.For example, going back to your hometown every year for the New Year and running thousands of kilometers, plugging in a hybrid car can make you go smoothly all the way, without worrying about finding a charging pile.

Insufficient:

However, plug-in hybrid cars also have shortcomings. Although it is very economical to drive with electricity every day, it isOnce you switch to fuel mode, fuel costs are inevitable.Moreover, because it has both an electric system and a fuel engine,Maintenance is more complicated than pure trams, and the cost is relatively high.Many car owners’ friends told me that after using it for a while, they would feelI am charging every day, but I have to maintain the engine regularly, which makes people a little helpless.

Third, how to choose?

Then the question is, should I buy a pure tram or plug-in hybrid? In fact,There is no standard answer to this question, the key lies in your needs and usage scenarios.

• If you usually drive mainly in the city and it is convenient to charge near your home or work, pure electric vehicles are a good choice. It has the advantages of low cost, environmental protection, good driving experience and smooth and quiet acceleration. If you are looking for the economy of daily commuting, pure trams are more suitable for you.

• If you often run long distances, or there are not many charging piles in your place, plug-in hybrid cars are more suitable for you. It has high flexibility, no need to worry about the lack of electricity, and it is very convenient to refuel directly during long-distance travel. If you don’t want to rely entirely on electricity, but want to enjoy the economy of electric mode, plug-in hybrid car is a good compromise.

Fourth, the advantages of trams will become more and more obvious in the future.

Although plug-in hybrid vehicles are more practical in some specific scenarios,But in the long run, the market development prospect of pure electric vehicles is better.With the continuous progress of battery technology and the improvement of charging facilities, pure trams have gradually become the mainstream in the future. Especially now, many car companies are developing more efficient fast charging technology.In the future, the charging time may be greatly shortened, and the advantages of pure trams will become more and more obvious.

Wheel valley summary:

Generally speaking, if you pay more attention to environmental protection, save money and have stable charging conditions, pure trams are a better choice; And if you have the need for long-distance travel, or the charging conditions are not perfect enough, plug-in hybrid cars can provide greater flexibility.

Buying a car is a big deal,I hope my article can help you clear your mind and make a choice that suits you.If you still haveOther car problems, remember to pay attention to me and get more practical knowledge about cars. I’m Lungu. See you next time!

　　Urban registered families in this city can apply for market rental subsidies if they meet the following three conditions:

　　1. The per capita monthly income of the family in the first 12 months of the application month is not higher than 2,400 yuan;

　　2. The family members who apply for it have no housing in this city;

　　3.3 The net assets of families with less than 3 people are 570,000 yuan and less, and those with 4 people and more are 760,000 yuan and less.

　　Houses rented by families that meet the above application conditions must meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations on the management of residential housing rental, and have valid proof of housing ownership or proof of legal source of housing.

　　Except Huairou District, Pinggu District, Miyun District and Yanqing District, other districts implement a unified market rental subsidy standard, as shown in the following table:

The city (except Huairou, Pinggu, Miyun and Yanqing) market rental subsidy standards.

Unit: yuan/month

　　(A) market rental

　　1. Families eligible for market rental subsidies should rent their own houses in the market within 6 months.

　　2. Market rental subsidies for family rental housing must meet the requirements of relevant laws and regulations on the management of residential housing rental, and have valid proof of housing ownership or proof of legal source of housing.

　　3. If renting a bungalow, the lessor shall also provide the house safety appraisal certificate. Market rental subsidy families should sign housing lease contracts with housing lessors.

　　(2) Handling the procedures for receiving subsidies.

　　From the date of the lease term of the housing lease contract, the applicant for market rental subsidy and the lessor of the house shall go through the formalities for receiving the market rental subsidy together with the housing security management department of the neighborhood office (township people’s government) where the household registration is applied.

　　Submission materials: the applicant should provide ID card, Notice of Qualification for Rental Subsidy in Beijing Market, house lease contract, bank card issued by the applicant himself in the subsidy issuing bank and other materials and copies; The lessor of the house shall provide ID card, proof of ownership of the house or proof of legal source of the house (including house sales contract and invoice, demolition compensation agreement, etc.) and other materials and copies.

　　(three) street offices (Township People’s government) housing security management department verification materials

　　Neighborhood offices (Township People’s Government) housing security management department verification materials. If the materials are complete and conform to the legal form, the housing security management department of the sub-district office (Township People’s Government) shall keep a copy, input the relevant information into the system, print the Confirmation Sheet of Beijing Market Rental Subsidy Information, and submit it to the district housing security management department after the applicant has checked it and signed it for confirmation.

　　(four) the district housing security management department review

　　The district housing security management department shall review the relevant materials within 5 working days. In line with the conditions for receiving market rental subsidies, the district housing security management department approved the actual amount of subsidies for families with market rental subsidies through the system. The district housing security management department formulated the Notice on Payment of Rental Subsidies in Beijing Market, which was issued to the applicant by the housing security management department of the sub-district office (Township People’s Government).

　　(5) Payment of subsidies

　　If a family with market rental subsidies goes through the formalities of receiving market rental subsidies in the current month, the subsidies will be calculated and distributed from the next month. The district housing security management department will distribute the market rental subsidy to the applicant’s bank account through the bank before the 20th of each month.

[car home Industry] First of all, let’s restore what happened. The driver said: On the morning of the incident, as usual, he tried to pull over, but found that the brake pedal was too hard to step on, so he turned left and returned to the main road. But the strange thing is that the vehicle began to accelerate crazily, and then the speed of Model Y increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of 198 km/h.

You can also see that the driver avoided electric cars and pedestrians all the way, and the airbag was ejected after hitting the tricycle, and then the car continued to drive until it hit the roadside shop. The driver’s family responded that the driver had been stepping on the brakes during this process, but the brakes were too hard to step on, and he tried to slow down by pressing the P gear, but it was useless.

Then, Tesla responded that the vehicle kept the throttle 100% at high speed, and the brake pedal was not stepped down all the time; During driving, the driver presses the P button four times and releases it quickly, at the same time, the brake light lights up and goes out quickly.

The whole thing has been recorded by video, which is clear to everyone, but Tesla and the owner’s responses are somewhat contradictory, and there are many incredible doubts in the whole incident, which have also caused extensive discussions. The truth of the incident is still under investigation. Let’s discuss the doubts of both sides’ responses from a technical point of view.

Doubt one, what is the probability of brake failure?

According to the owner, the brakes became hard and could not be stepped on, and he suspected that the brakes were out of order.

According to Tesla’s information, the brake system used by Tesla Model Y is Bosch’s ibooster brake product. This product has now come to version 2.0, and many new energy vehicles currently on sale are equipped with Bosch’s iBooster.

IBooster is a revolutionary technology compared with traditional brakes, which cancels the design of vacuum pump. When the driver steps on the brake pedal, the brake position sensor will tell the signal to the vehicle controller. After calculation, the vehicle controller will distribute the braking force. One part of the braking force is provided by the regenerative braking of the motor, and the other part is generated by the brake cylinder, which together help to brake. The following figure shows the working principle diagram of iBooster.

Let’s take a look at the working schematic diagram of the whole brake system. When people step on the brake pedal with a force of 200N (about 20 kg), this force will be amplified a little, and finally the force on the brake disc will reach 18500N N. In addition, the Vacuum Brake Booster in the above picture is now replaced by iBooster.

At this time, some people questioned that iBooster is an electronic component, and electronic components are not as stable as mechanical components, so iBooster sometimes fails. Therefore, Bosch’s iBooster has two backup measures to deal with possible failures.

Backup measure 1:

If the electronic component iBooster in the above picture fails, there will be no braking assistance, and the brakes will become hard and a little difficult to step on. At this time, ESP will realize that iBooster is broken and loses its power, so it will take over and provide braking power (active pressurization). The active pressurization of ESP will be accompanied by strong vibration and noise.

At this time, for the driver, the experience is that stepping on the brakes requires more strength, but it will not be impossible to step on it. For example, stepping on the brakes with 200N strength can provide at least 0.4g deceleration.

Backup measure 2:

If both iBooster and ESP are broken by accident (the probability of actual occurrence is very small), at this time, the whole braking system enters mechanical mode without any assistance, and how much deceleration can be achieved depends on how hard the driver steps on the brake pedal.

At this time, the appearance is that the brakes become hard and difficult to pedal, but the laws and regulations mandate that the brake pedal at this time can produce at least 0.25g deceleration under the strength of adults (including adult women) with 500N N.

Therefore, from the above analysis, it can be seen that "brake failure" itself is an imprecise statement. The brake can only lose its power, but it is almost impossible for the brake to fail, because in the end, it has mechanical braking to cover the bottom. If the brakes get hard, don’t doubt your feet at this time, and don’t hesitate to step on them.

Doubt two, do you want to carry the pot with a single pedal?

Stopping the car is only one aspect. Another big doubt of the Chaozhou accident is why the vehicle "suddenly accelerates". Whether the driver stepped on it wrongly or the program error of the car itself was out of control.

First of all, public opinion thinks that the driver stepped on the wrong foot because of Tesla’s single pedal mode. Should the single pedal carry the pot?

From a technical point of view, the single pedal is indeed a controversial thing. First of all, the name is very confusing, which makes many people think that this kind of car has only one accelerator pedal and no brakes.

The biggest change of single pedal mode to people is that it affects people’s driving habits. In the past, the car accelerated when stepping on the accelerator and slowed down when stepping on the brake, while in the single pedal mode, the car accelerated when stepping on the accelerator and slowed down when releasing the accelerator, which is similar to the sense of deceleration when stepping on the brake. After a long time, the driver will tie the accelerator and the brake together. When there is an emergency, it is easy to step on the accelerator with one foot, so the smart electric car now.

However, a trained driver, or a driver who can have a deep understanding of the single pedal mode, should always put his feet on the brakes, keep calm, and step on the brakes in time when he needs to slow down quickly.

For this question, whether the single pedal should take the blame for this matter, I think that the single pedal does bring about an increase in the proportion of misoperation of the accelerator when braking, but most of the misoperation is instantaneous, and most drivers will react after the instantaneous mistake and correct it in time. The strange thing about this incident is that the whole process lasted for about a minute and the car advanced 2.6 kilometers. Will someone really step on the accelerator by mistake for so long?

Therefore, it comes to the third doubt, what is the probability of sudden acceleration of the car?

Doubt 3: Unexpected acceleration probability of automobile?

Unexpected acceleration of automobile is a very professional statement in the automobile industry and a famous failure mode in the field of functional safety.

Unexpected acceleration: that is, the acceleration of the car is against the driver’s will. The driver did not step on the accelerator but the car kept accelerating.

The sudden acceleration of automobiles is nothing new in the industry. As early as 2000-2010, Toyota’s "unable to stop" in the United States caused 89 deaths, which is the "brake door" incident of Toyota.

In order to investigate these unstoppable Toyota cars, NHTSA and NASA launched an investigation on Toyota cars, including looking at the source code of Toyota cars. During 2011-2013, embedded software experts Michael barr and Philip Koopman started with the software, and looked at nearly 300,000 lines of code of Toyota in 18 months, and found some bugs in the software, which would lead to "unexpected acceleration" of the car and lead to out-of-control of the car.

Therefore, Toyota’s brake door also led to the development of later automotive embedded software specifications, and also led to the development of automotive electronic and electrical functional safety, and functional safety is to prevent any behavior against the driver’s will, which will affect people’s life safety, especially the sudden acceleration with great harm.

Back to this incident, Tesla’s software architecture and functional safety design has always been a mystery in the industry. No one knows what his car software architecture is like, including what operating system to use and whether it is functionally safe.

Therefore, to answer this question: the sudden acceleration of cars has almost disappeared in the new era, but what Tesla is really like needs more data to explain.

Speaking of data, it is actually the EDR data in Tesla car, which can record the running information of the vehicle before and after the incident.

Doubt 4: Can EDR restore the truth?

The state has mandatory regulations for automobile data recording system. According to the national standard GB39732:

"Passenger cars should be equipped with an event data recording system (EDR) that meets the requirements of GB 39732; If equipped with a vehicle-mounted video driving recording system that meets the requirements of GB/T 38892, it shall be deemed as meeting the requirements. This standard will be implemented for newly produced vehicles from January 1, 2022.

EDR, also known as automobile event data recording system, is a mandatory requirement for new energy vehicles in China. This EDR system records some key information of vehicles, including throttle position, brake pedal position, vehicle speed, etc., and also specifies the recording format, recording frequency and reading mode of these data.

For example, the information about the accelerator pedal and brake position that everyone cares about is stipulated in the regulations:

It can be seen that the data of brake and accelerator pedal are specific position information (percentage), which can reflect the real position of accelerator and brake in general.

Moreover, the EDR system can also be stored when there is no power, and the data is stored in the protected area, which cannot be tampered with and should not be deleted. If the third party has the ability to read the EDR data, it can read the real data.

In general, EDR can record the true accelerator pedal value (that is, the percentage of the driver’s depression, whether it is 50% or 100%). But this is not the original value. The original value should be the electric signal of throttle and brake, that is, a voltage signal of 0-5V, which will be converted to get the percentage.

For example, the brake or throttle position will be sampled by sensors to measure their real position; The original value sampled by the sensor is an electrical signal in the range of 0-5V. If the original electrical signal is wrong at the beginning, all the data after that are wrong.

At the same time, the original electrical signal becomes the percentage position information of throttle and brake after a series of conversion, which is the information that we can read by EDR. It is impossible to know whether there will be any fault in this conversion process.

So, to answer question 4, can EDR tell the truth?

It can be done 99% of the time, but it does not rule out that the system is wrong at the beginning, so the recorded values are also wrong. It is of course possible to explain a wrong phenomenon with a wrong data, but obviously, this "explanation" has deviated from the truth.

Anyway, let the bullet fly for a while. (Text/car home industry commentator Zhang Gong)